arXiv:2606.11348cs.LG2026-06

用少量实测数据快速预测时钟树性能,10秒内优化10万种配置

SwiftCTS: Fast Cross-Design Prediction and Pareto Optimization of Clock Tree Metrics via Few-Shot Calibration

论文配图:SwiftCTS: Fast Cross-Design Prediction and Pareto Optimization of Clock Tree Metrics via Few-Shot Calibration
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于物理特征与梯度提升模型,5秒内完成训练,推理快至亚毫秒
  • 仅需1-2次实测即可校准,对新架构预测误差降低至3.3%以下
  • 适合芯片设计工程师快速评估多种布线方案,提升自动化设计效率

时钟树综合(CTS)是物理设计中计算量巨大的环节,需多次调用EDA工具以在庞大配置空间中寻找功耗、布线长度和时序偏移的最优解。现有机器学习方法在面对未见宏单元架构时需重新训练或微调,且难以应对组合搜索所需的数百万次评估。本文提出SwiftCTS,一种融合轻量级物理统计特征与梯度提升集成的代理框架,可在CPU上5秒内完成训练,实现亚毫秒级推理,无需GPU支持。为解决分布外(OOD)设计问题,引入K-shot乘法校准机制,仅需1-2次物理参考运行即可将功耗预测误差从24.5%降至3.3%,布线长度误差从56.6%降至1%以下。结合进化优化器,SwiftCTS在十秒内评估10万组CTS配置,生成经OpenROAD流程验证的帕累托最优解集。闭环验证显示,其功耗与布线长度预测误差低于0.5%,时序偏移预测精度达5皮秒以内,在所有目标指标上持续优于默认工具启发式策略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Clock Tree Synthesis (CTS) is a computationally expensive stage in the physical design flow, requiring iterative EDA tool invocations to navigate a vast configuration space for optimal power, wirelength, and timing skew. Existing machine learning approaches require computationally expensive retraining or fine-tuning cycles to adapt to unseen macro architectures and are architecturally mismatched to the millions of evaluations demanded by exhaustive combinatorial search. We present SwiftCTS, a physics-informed surrogate framework that addresses both limitations simultaneously. By coupling lightweight, physics-grounded statistical features with gradient-boosted ensembles, SwiftCTS trains in under five seconds on a CPU and delivers sub-millisecond inference without GPU support. To handle out-of-distribution (OOD) designs without retraining or fine-tuning, we introduce a K-shot multiplicative calibration mechanism that anchors predictions to just one or two physical reference runs, reducing power prediction error from 24.5\% to 3.3\% and wirelength error from 56.6\% to under 1\% on unseen macros. Integrating this engine with an evolutionary optimizer, SwiftCTS evaluates 100,000 CTS configurations in under ten seconds, yielding Pareto-optimal frontiers that are physically validated within the OpenROAD flow. Closed-loop validation confirms prediction errors below 0.5\% for power and wirelength, and timing skew predictions within five picoseconds on an OOD benchmark, consistently outperforming default tool heuristics across all target metrics. Code publicly available at: \href{https://anonymous.4open.science/r/SwiftCTS-7E6E}{https://github.com/BarsatKhadka/SwiftCTS}

芯片设计机器学习优化代理模型

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