arXiv:2606.11371cs.CLcs.AI2026-06中稿 · manuscript

用时间尺度分析语言语义波动,发现人类与AI文本有不同语义组织规律。

The Dynamics of Human and AI-Generated Language: How Semantics Fluctuates across Different Timescales

论文配图:The Dynamics of Human and AI-Generated Language: How Semantics Fluctuates across Different Timescales
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建语义时序分析流程,用ACW-0衡量语义内容的时间依赖性。
  • 语义时序中长ACW-0段落更含通用词汇,短ACW-0段落更含具体词汇。
  • 该方法可区分人类与AI生成文本的深层时间结构,适合语音与文本对比研究。

口语,无论是由人类还是大语言模型(LLM)生成,都会随时间呈现不同的语义内容。然而,我们仍缺乏简单且可解释的时间序列特征来捕捉通用性与具体性语义内容在时间上的分布,并用于比较人类与人工智能生成的语言。本文提出一种语义-时标分析流程,将带时间戳的逐词转录文本转化为语义时间序列。对每个口语叙述,计算(i)基于WordNet的词义深度以衡量语义特异性,(ii)使用SBERT嵌入计算上下文相似性,并通过自相关窗口度量(ACW-0及衍生指标)量化其时间依赖性。随后,将原始话语与多种随机化控制组进行对比,这些控制组分别破坏了词汇身份、时间顺序和词持续时间。在人类朗读的自传叙事、文本转语音(TTS)朗读以及经TTS渲染的大语言模型生成文本中,我们发现语义时间序列中较长的ACW-0段落包含更多通用词汇,而较短的ACW-0段落则富含更具体的词汇。当词汇顺序和时间被随机化后,这些关联显著减弱或消失,表明ACW度量捕捉到了超越静态词汇分布的非平凡语义时间组织。结果表明,基于ACW的语义时标是一类可用于分析和比较人类与人工智能生成语言时间结构的有用特征。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Spoken language, whether produced by humans or large language models (LLM), unfolds over time with varying semantic content. However, we still lack simple, interpretable time-series features that capture how generic versus specific content is distributed over time, and that can be used to compare human and AI-generated speech. We introduce a semantic-timescale analysis pipeline that turns word-level transcripts with timestamps into semantic time-series. For each spoken narrative, we compute (i) semantic specificity using WordNet-based word depth and (ii) contextual similarity using SBERT embeddings and quantify their temporal dependence using autocorrelation-window measures (ACW-0 and related metrics). We then compare original speech to multiple shuffled controls that selectively disrupt lexical identity, temporal order, and word duration. Across human-read autobiographical narratives, TTS readings, and LLM-generated texts rendered with TTS, we find that segments with longer ACW-0 in the semantic time-series tend to contain more generic vocabulary, whereas segments with shorter ACW-0 are enriched in more specific words. These associations are strongly attenuated or abolished when word order and timing are randomized, indicating that ACW-based measures capture non-trivial temporal organization of semantic content beyond static lexical distributions. Our results suggest that ACW-based semantic timescales are a useful family of features for analyzing and comparing the temporal structure of human and AI-generated speech.

语义分析时序建模大模型评估

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