提出可自适应融合局部与全局信息的神经算子,提升复杂动力系统模拟精度。
HAMNO: A Hierarchical Adaptive Multi-scale Neural Operator with Physics-Informed Learning for Dynamical Systems

- 通过动态门控机制自适应平衡局部卷积与全局谱运算
- 在长时程、数据少等条件下,预测误差降低20%以上
- 适合需要物理一致性与高泛化能力的动力系统建模
神经算子为直接在函数空间中学习偏微分方程解映射提供了强大框架。然而,现有架构仍难以处理包含多尺度结构、长程相互作用和稳定长时间演化的非线性时变系统。本文提出分层自适应多尺度神经算子(HAMNO),结合局部卷积表示、全局谱算子与分层编码器-解码器结构。核心是数据驱动的门控机制,可在每个空间位置自适应平衡局部与全局信息,实现细粒度特征捕捉与长程依赖保持。进一步构建物理信息扩展版本PI-HAMNO,采用多目标损失策略,融合数据拟合与强形式、弱形式物理约束:强形式项惩罚物理坐标下域积分的平方残差,弱形式项通过测试函数乘以控制残差并使用质心四面体数值积分计算单元积分。在立方域上的非周期Allen-Cahn(AC)、Cahn-Hilliard(CH)与Swift-Hohenberg(SH)方程上评估,无论长时程滚动预测、数据受限训练、分布外初值扰动或随机种子变化,HAMNO均显著优于标准神经算子基线,而PI-HAMNO进一步提升稳定性、物理一致性和数据效率。代码已开源:https://github.com/MBamdad/HAMNO。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Neural operators provide a powerful framework for learning solution mappings of partial differential equations directly in function space. However, many existing architectures still struggle to represent nonlinear time-dependent systems that involve multi-scale structures, long-range interactions, and stable long-time evolution. In this work, we introduce the Hierarchical Adaptive Multi-scale Neural Operator (HAMNO), a neural-operator architecture that combines local convolutional representations, global spectral operators, and hierarchical encoder-decoder processing. The central component of HAMNO is a data-dependent gating mechanism that adaptively balances local and global information at each spatial location, allowing the model to resolve fine-scale features while preserving long-range dependencies. We further develop a physics-informed extension, PI-HAMNO, based on a multi-objective loss strategy that combines data fitting with strong- and weak-form physics constraints. The strong-form term penalizes the domain-integrated squared PDE residual in physical coordinates, while the weak-form term is constructed by multiplying the governing residual by finite-element test functions and evaluating the resulting element integrals using centroid-based tetrahedral quadrature. The framework is evaluated on non-periodic Allen-Cahn (AC), Cahn-Hilliard (CH), and Swift-Hohenberg (SH) equations defined on cubic domains. Across long-horizon rollout, data-limited training, out-of-distribution initial-condition shifts, and random-seed variations, HAMNO improves predictive accuracy over standard neural-operator baselines, while PI-HAMNO further enhances stability, physical consistency, and data efficiency. The implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/MBamdad/HAMNO .
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