arXiv:2606.12402cs.ROcs.AI2026-06

智能体规划时按需分配计算资源,提升效率与成功率。

DIRECT: When and Where Should You Allocate Test-Time Compute in Embodied Planners?

论文配图:DIRECT: When and Where Should You Allocate Test-Time Compute in Embodied Planners?
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 根据场景动态分配测试时计算量,不盲目扩容。
  • 在多个任务上实现成功率提升,延迟降低65%。
  • 适合机器人部署,尤其对算力敏感的实时系统。

视觉语言模型(VLMs)正被广泛用作具身智能体的高层规划器,一种新兴策略是通过增加测试时计算来提升性能。然而,我们发现这会显著增加延迟、词元消耗和浮点运算量,而下游成功率提升却参差不齐,甚至边际收益递减,限制了实际部署。本文认为,何时何地分配测试时计算是实现前沿性能落地的关键。我们提出DIRECT,一种基于多模态场景上下文的路由框架,可按提示动态分配计算,优于固定模型选择的成功-成本权衡。在VLABench和RoboMME上,针对思维链深度、模型规模和记忆历史三个主要扩展轴进行实验,发现不同轴带来的能力提升具有质的区别。在物理Franka机械臂的DROID设置中,零样本操作与长序列任务验证表明,该路由器在平均延迟降低65%的情况下,达到或超越更强模型的成功率。结果表明,盲目扩展测试时计算是浪费的,DIRECT可在极低开销下实现前沿级具身规划。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed as high-level planners for embodied agents, with an emerging strategy of scaling test-time compute to improve capability. However, we observe that doing so increases latency, token usage, and FLOPs while yielding uneven, often diminishing gains in downstream success, limiting where embodied agents can be deployed. We argue that choosing when and where to spend test-time compute is central to bringing frontier performance to the real world. We introduce DIRECT, a routing framework that uses multimodal scene context to allocate compute per prompt, improving the success--cost Pareto frontier over fixed model selection. Across three dominant scaling axes, namely chain-of-thought depth, model size, and memory history, our experiments on VLABench and RoboMME show that test-time compute is not a uniform lever: different axes yield qualitatively distinct capability gains. We validate these insights on a physical Franka arm in a DROID setup spanning zero-shot manipulation and long-horizon chaining, where our router matches or exceeds a stronger model's success rate at up to 65% lower average latency. Ultimately, our results show that naively scaling test-time compute is wasteful, and that DIRECT can provide frontier-level embodied planning in robotic systems at a fraction of the cost. Project page can be found at jadee-dao.github.io/direct/.

具身智能计算分配机器人规划VLM

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