为AI治理设立独立法律专家角色,填补监管空白。
The AI Legal Specialist: A Juridically Autonomous Professional Profile for AI Governance
- 提出'AI法律专家'新职业定位,独立于现有法律角色。
- 以欧盟AI法案等多国法规为基础,确立专业自主性。
- 提供能力框架与绩效指标,适用于教育和跨国应用。
全球人工智能监管快速扩展,催生了对专门AI法律人才的需求,但市场应对分散:数据保护官拓展职责、隐私律师转向AI、合规官添加AI章节。本文指出这些调整均未充分覆盖新兴全球AI监管格局所开辟的专业空间,该格局以欧盟《人工智能法案》(Regulation (EU) 2024/1689)最为全面,涵盖欧洲委员会《AI框架公约》、美国行政与行业框架,以及英国、加拿大、巴西、中国、日本、新加坡等国类似举措。本文主张需设立一种独特专业身份:AI法律专家,定义为具备高级法律训练的从业者,在法律解释与AI治理交界处运作。该身份具有法理自主性,源于各国对AI实施实质性监管所生成的义务结构,而非技术标准或邻近角色的延伸。论文提供基于法律的定义,论证其独立于相邻角色及国际标准的必要性,提出参考欧洲电子能力框架(e-CF, EN 16234-1)构建能力架构,并建立通过关键绩效指标实现运营评估的条件。贡献旨在为该角色的国际标准化奠定基础,并作为实践、课程设置与跨司法管辖区采纳的参考。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rapid global expansion of artificial intelligence regulation has generated, across multiple jurisdictions, a demand for legal expertise dedicated to AI that the market has addressed in a fragmented manner. Data protection officers extend their remit beyond data protection law; privacy lawyers reposition themselves toward AI; compliance officers add AI chapters to their existing manuals. This paper argues that none of these adaptive responses adequately covers the professional space opened by the emerging global AI regulatory landscape, of which the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) is the most comprehensive instance, alongside the Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI, the United States executive and sectoral framework, and analogous initiatives in the United Kingdom, Canada, Brazil, China, Japan, Singapore, and beyond. A distinct professional profile is required: the AI Legal Specialist, conceived as a jurist -- understood broadly to encompass any professional with advanced legal training -- operating at the intersection of legal interpretation and AI governance. The profile is juridically autonomous: it derives its existence from the structure of regulatory obligations generated wherever AI is subject to substantive regulation, rather than from any technical standard or the extension of adjacent roles. The paper provides a juridically grounded definition of the profile, argues for its autonomy from adjacent figures and international standards, proposes a reference competence architecture aligned with the European e-Competence Framework (e-CF, EN 16234-1) as a methodological choice, and articulates the conditions for its operational measurement through key performance indicators. The contribution is intended as a foundation for international standardization of the profile and as a reference for practice, curricula, and adoption across jurisdictions.
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