arXiv:2606.12647cs.CCcs.AI2026-06被引 3

提出新计算复杂度理论,衡量AI协作的沟通成本。

Token Complexity Theory for AI-Augmented Computing

论文配图:Token Complexity Theory for AI-Augmented Computing
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用令牌数定义新型资源开销,量化AI协作通信代价。
  • 证明高质量输出需更多令牌,且提升效率递减。
  • 适用于研究AI系统资源消耗与任务调度的学者。

AI增强计算将自然语言查询、代码生成等开放任务委托给由多个AI模型组成的集群进行处理,这一范式引入了传统时间或空间复杂度无法捕捉的资源维度:向集群发送查询并接收响应的成本。本文提出‘令牌复杂度’这一形式化资源度量,定义为在特定输出质量水平下达成任务所需的最小期望令牌开销,并建立基于概率性质强度的AI系统分类体系。在AI-Oracle图灵机框架中,概率图灵机通过专用查询与响应带与随机预言机交互,证明了令牌复杂度满足预期性质:单调性(质量越高,开销越大)、凸性(质量提升边际成本递增)、价格敏感性(价格微小变化导致成本有限变动)以及任务排序的价格相对性(任务复杂度排序随查询-响应成本比变化而反转)。进一步证明复杂度前沿(即所有可行的令牌、时间、空间资源约束集合)非空、上闭合且凸。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

AI-augmented computing delegates natural language queries, code generation requests, and other open-ended tasks to a cluster of AI models that processes queries and generates responses. This paradigm introduces a resource dimension that neither classical time nor space complexity captures: the cost of sending queries to and receiving responses from such a cluster. We introduce token complexity, a formal resource measure defined as the minimum expected token cost to achieve a specified level of output quality on a task, and develop a taxonomy classifying AI systems by the strength of their probabilistic properties. We develop token complexity within the framework of AI-Oracle Turing machines, in which a probabilistic Turing machine interacts with a stochastic oracle via dedicated query and response tapes. We prove basic theorems establishing that token complexity behaves as expected: monotonicity (higher quality costs more tokens), convexity (quality improvements become progressively more expensive), price sensitivity (small price changes produce bounded cost changes), and price-relativity of task ordering (the token complexity ordering of tasks can reverse depending on the query-to-response cost ratio). We prove that the complexity frontier, defined as the set of all feasible resource bounds in tokens, time, and space, is non-empty, upward-closed, and convex.

复杂度理论AI协作资源度量

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