让大模型在未知环境中自主进化,通过预演未来路径提升决策能力。
ProPlay: Procedural World Models for Self-Evolving LLM Agents

- 用程序图抽象成功经验,捕捉任务阶段间的因果关系
- 预演未来路径提供结构化指导,执行后更新知识图谱
- 适合需要持续学习与自主探索的智能体研究者
自进化智能体需在部分可观测环境中通过交互不断提升,但面临主动探索、有限反馈和经验可信度判断等挑战。现有基于大模型的智能体方法多依赖记忆或规划模块,却很少实现二者闭环迭代。本文提出ProPlay,一种程序化世界模型,支持程序级预演:智能体可利用已学世界知识预演未来程序路径。不同于将经验表示为孤立规则或低层动作约束,ProPlay将成功轨迹抽象为程序,并构建程序图以刻画任务阶段间的因果转移。每个转移关联可靠性记录嵌入,用于评估其对任务结果的贡献。每轮执行前,ProPlay基于已知图结构模拟未来程序轨迹,提供结构化软引导;执行后,根据环境反馈动态优化图结构。在多个公开基准上的实验表明,ProPlay显著提升了环境理解与自进化能力,优于多个强基线。代码已开源:https://github.com/antman9914/proplay。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Self-evolving agents are expected to improve through interaction without external supervision, but this remains difficult in partially observable environments where agents must explore actively, learn from limited feedback, and decide when to trust prior experience. Existing LLM-agent methods often rely on memory or planning modules, yet they rarely close the loop between them to continually refine an internal understanding of environment dynamics. We introduce ProPlay, a procedural world model that supports procedure-level preplay, where agents can rehearse future procedural paths using the learned world knowledge. Rather than representing experience as isolated rules or low-level action constraints, ProPlay abstracts successful trajectories into procedures and organizes them in a procedure graph that captures causal transitions among task stages. Each transition is associated with a reliability record embedding to estimate its task-specific contribution from past outcomes. Before each episode, ProPlay simulates future procedural trajectories over known graph structures as structured soft guidance; after execution, it refines the graph using environment feedback. Experiments on public benchmarks show that ProPlay consistently improves environment understanding and self-evolution capability over strong baselines. Our code has been released in https://github.com/antman9914/proplay.
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