AI克隆声音威胁人类声纹独特性，亟需法律应对
Vocal Identity Under Siege by AI Voice Cloning Technologies
- 对比分析公众形象权、人格权与个人数据保护三种法律框架
- 指出现有法律在应对AI语音克隆时存在救济范围与死后保护不足
- 为声纹权利保护提供跨法系比较基础，适合法律科技研究者参考
随着先进AI语音克隆技术的出现，人类声纹身份的保护面临严峻的法律与伦理挑战。针对近期争议事件——如OpenAI的ChatGPT-4o语音与斯嘉丽·约翰逊声音高度相似——本文探讨生成式AI如何削弱人类声音的独特价值，并进一步加剧人格权相关的法律难题。通过比较分析，论文评估了三大主要法律框架：公开权、人格权与个人数据保护权。这些框架源于不同法律传统，各自在应对AI生成语音克隆威胁方面具有独特优势与局限。通过考察各学说的适用范围、救济手段及死后保护机制，研究为现有法律体系如何应对生成式AI时代声纹身份的新挑战提供了理论基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The advent of sophisticated AI-driven voice cloning has brought to the fore critical legal and ethical challenges regarding the protection of vocal identity. Prompted by recent controversies - including the striking resemblance between OpenAI's ChatGPT-4o voice and that of Scarlett Johansson - this article examines how generative AI technologies undermine the unique value of the human voice and further complicate the legal questions surrounding personality right. Through a comparative analysis, the paper evaluates three principal legal frameworks: the right of publicity, personality rights, and the personal data protection right. Each framework - rooted in different legal traditions o offers distinct strengths and limitations in addressing the threats posed by AI-generated voice cloning. By analysing these doctrines' scope, remedies, and posthumous protections, the study offers a foundation for understanding how existing legal approaches may be applied to the evolving challenges of vocal identity in the era of generative AI.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品；中文卡片由大模型生成，请以原文为准。