用强化学习选量子线路,让电路更稳定。
Graph Reinforcement Learning for Calibration-Aware Quantum Circuit Routing
- 基于图神经网络和强化学习,利用当日校准数据选择最优的交换操作。
- 平均保真度达0.727,比传统方法提升0.25~0.29。
- 特别适合5、8比特小规模量子电路,对10比特电路效果有限。
量子线路路由是编译噪声中等规模量子处理器程序的关键步骤,尤其对于超导设备而言,其稀疏固定耦合结构使路由成为主要编译开销。仅以标准开销指标(如SWAP数、双量子比特门数、深度)衡量的路径,仍可能因经过校准不良的耦合器而损失保真度。本文提出一种基于校准感知的图强化学习路由算法,利用来自超导IBM Heron r2处理器的同日校准数据,动态选择硬件边上的SWAP操作。采用近端策略优化训练策略,并在九个Munich Quantum Toolkit(MQT)基准电路及三个校准快照上评估精确保真度。结果表明,综合平均精确保真度为0.727,显著优于基于SWAP的双向启发式搜索(SABRE-best20)的0.440和目标感知SABRE的0.481。保真度提升伴随更高的双量子比特门数量,且主要集中在5比特与8比特电路家族;在固定树动作图下,所有10比特电路家族均偏好SABRE-best20。总体表明,校准感知学习路由可超越仅依赖门数的编译方式,在绝对保真度上提升0.25至0.29。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum circuit routing is a key step in compiling programs for noisy intermediate-scale quantum processors, particularly superconducting devices whose sparse fixed coupling makes routing a central compilation cost. Routes that appear efficient by standard overhead metrics such as SWAP count, routed two-qubit count, and depth can still lose fidelity when they pass through poorly calibrated couplers. We study a calibration-aware graph reinforcement-learning router that uses same-day calibration data from superconducting IBM Heron r2 processors to choose hardware-edge SWAPs. We train the policy with proximal policy optimization and evaluate it with exact simulated fidelity across nine Munich Quantum Toolkit (MQT) Bench circuits and three calibration snapshots. Across these evaluations, pooled mean exact fidelity is 0.727, compared with 0.440 for SWAP-based bidirectional heuristic search (SABRE)-best20 and 0.481 for target-aware SABRE. We observe that fidelity gains come with higher routed two-qubit counts and are concentrated in 5 qubit and 8 qubit circuit families; under the fixed tree action graph, all 10 qubit families favor SABRE-best20. Overall, our results show that calibration-aware learned routing can improve fidelity beyond gate-count-driven compilation, by roughly 0.25 to 0.29 in absolute mean fidelity over the SABRE-family baselines.
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