用AI高效筛选绿色溶剂,小数据也能精准预测
A green solvent screening tool for emerging materials via uncertainty aware, transformer enhanced transfer learning

- 基于预训练模型+不确定性量化,少量数据实现高精度预测
- 在数据稀疏的溶剂参数上仍表现优异,预测结果可信度高
- 适合材料研发、绿色化学领域快速筛选环保溶剂
准确预测溶解性是材料科学与可持续化学的核心挑战。随着有机和混合光伏、电池、催化等新兴技术发展,溶剂使用量预计将大幅上升,因此替代为更环保的溶剂至关重要。机器学习在此可发挥重要作用,但关键参数的数据有限严重制约其效果。本文将基于QM9的预训练基础模型迁移至实际应用,仅需极少数据即可完成建模。同时,系统集成不确定性量化机制,帮助用户评估预测置信度。作为基线,成功预测了具有广泛数据库的汉森溶解参数和介电常数;更重要的是,在数据极度匮乏的古特曼给体/受体数等目标上也取得高性能。整体上,通过高质量预测将溶解性描述符数据量提升数个数量级。为便于推广,我们部署了易于使用、可集成至高通量实验室、支持自定义的溶剂替代品排序与筛选工具。最终,我们复现了已知绿色溶剂替代品,并提出新候选者,验证了该工具在发现环保溶剂方面的实际价值。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Accurate prediction of solubility remains a central challenge across materials science and sustainable chemistry. In particular due to emerging technologies like organic and hybrid photovoltaics, batteries, and catalysis, solvent usage is expected to increase significantly within the coming years. Therefore, substituting solvents with greener alternatives is vital. This is where machine learning can have substantial impact. However, the limited data on critical parameters of solubility significantly constraints machine learning efficacy. In this work, we transfer a pre-trained foundational model on QM9 targets to our application with minimal data requirements. Additionally, the pipeline integrates uncertainty quantification, allowing the user to gauge the confidence of the predictions. As baseline, we succeed in predicting the Hansen solubility parameters and Dielectric Constant for which extensive databases exist. Importantly, we achieve high model performance on additional targets, such as Gutmann Donor and Acceptor numbers, where the available data is extremely limited. Overall, we augment data on solubility descriptors by orders of magnitude with high quality predictions. For effective dissemination, we deploy easy-to-use, easily integrateable with high throughput labs, customizable tool for ranking and screening possible solvent substitutes. Finally, we rediscovered known green solvent alternatives and proposed new candidates proving its relevance for finding eco-friendly solvents.
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