用自学习框架融合图结构与节点属性,实现无监督聚类
Clustering Node Attributed Networks with Graph Neural Networks and Self Learning

- 多轮自学习:用GNN生成表示,聚类结果反哺下一轮图结构
- 合成数据中同时利用边与属性,性能优于仅依赖单一信息的算法
- 适合节点属性和图结构均不强的场景,对真实数据也具竞争力
图聚类——将图的节点集划分为反映潜在信息的互斥子集——是一个基础性问题,广泛应用于各类场景。尽管该问题已研究数十年,但近年来真实数据驱动的新范式关注节点具有可提供信息的属性。这催生了结合网络信息(边)与节点信息(属性)的新型聚类方法。本文提出一种新框架,基于先前将图神经网络(GNN)用于图聚类的工作。该框架在完全无监督设置下以多轮自学习方式运行:每轮中,GNN生成节点表示并用于聚类;聚类结果影响下一轮的图构建;同时每轮使用原始图构建上下文图来生成节点表示。实验表明,该方法在合成数据中有效融合边与属性信息,当边或属性单独不显著时,性能优于仅依赖其一的方法。多轮学习提升性能,始终优于单次训练的典型GNN聚类方法。在真实数据上,当簇大小均衡时,该方法表现可媲美当前最优方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Graph clustering - partitioning the node set of a graph into disjoint subsets that reflect some latent information - is a fundamental problem as it finds applications in a myriad of different scenarios. While this classic problem has been tackled for decades by different communities, a recent variation of the problem driven by real data considers the scenario where nodes have attributes that are also informative. This has triggered novel methods that simultaneously leverage network information (edges) and node information (attributed) in the design of novel clustering algorithms. This work proposes a novel framework that builds on prior works that have applied graph neural networks (GNN) to graph clustering. The proposed framework operates in rounds of self learning in a fully unsupervised setting. In each round, a GNN generates representations for nodes that are used to cluster the nodes. This clustering influences the graph used to generate the node representation in the next round. Moreover, a context graph built in each round using the original graph is used to generate the node representations. Empirical results show that the proposed methodology extracts information from both network edges and node attributes in synthetic data, outperforming algorithms focused solely on the network or attributes when neither are very informative. Multiple rounds of learning also improve the performance and always outperforms a long single round of training (i.e., classic GNN graph clustering). When considering real datasets, empirical results indicate that the proposed methodology is competitive to state-of-the-art methods when cluster sizes are balanced.
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