让无人机导航更安全:用可靠度热图引导生成路径,避开玻璃等不可信区域。
Guided Diffusion with Distilled Vision-Language Reliability for Aerial Navigation

- 引入可靠性热图,标记感知不可信区域,指导路径生成。
- 实测障碍物违规率从40.3%降至9.6%,路径可靠性提升至0.925。
- 轻量级蒸馏模型提速近2倍,适合实时飞行场景。
自主无人机导航传统上采用感知、建图与规划分离的流水线,易传播误差、积累延迟且需针对环境调参。端到端生成模型虽可直接将观测映射为轨迹,但存在隐性缺陷:在干净数据上训练的模型无法识别观测不可靠的情况,会将玻璃、镜面及过曝区域误当作有效信息进行规划。本文提出一种可靠性感知的扩散规划器,通过轻量级网络蒸馏视觉语言模型的开放词汇推理能力,在实时规划预算内生成场景级可靠性热图,并将其作为轨迹生成的条件。为实现未见环境的泛化,采用可微分的两阶段ESDF代价函数,将深度检测的物理障碍与高不可靠区域构成的虚拟障碍同等对待。在仿真和真实四旋翼上测试,相比当前最优扩散基线,本方法将障碍物违规率从40.3%降至9.6%,平均路径可靠性从0.588提升至0.925。仅移除可靠性项即导致平均可靠性从0.898降至0.783,验证其核心作用;蒸馏使系统运行速度提升近2倍。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Autonomous UAV navigation is conventionally solved by pipelines that separate perception, mapping, and planning into distinct stages, which propagates errors, accumulates latency, and requires environment-specific retuning. End-to-end generative models remove these interfaces by mapping raw observations directly to trajectories, but inherit a subtle failure mode: trained on clean data, they cannot recognise when an observation is unreliable, and treat degraded regions such as glass, mirrors, and overexposed surfaces as valid evidence for planning. We present a reliability-aware diffusion planner for 3D UAV navigation. It conditions trajectory generation on the observation together with a scene-level reliability heatmap that marks where perception cannot be trusted, produced by a lightweight network that distils the open-vocabulary reasoning of a vision-language model within the real-time planning budget. To generalise to unseen environments without retraining, we steer the denoising process with a differentiable two-stage ESDF cost that treats physical obstacles from depth and virtual obstacles from highly unreliable regions on equal footing. In simulation and on a real quadrotor, our planner produces markedly safer trajectories than a state-of-the-art diffusion baseline, reducing the obstacle-violation rate from 40.3% to 9.6% and raising the mean reliability of traversed regions from 0.588 to 0.925. Ablating the reliability term alone drops mean reliability from 0.898 to 0.783, confirming it as the decisive component, while distillation runs the framework up to 2 times faster than the full vision-language model.
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