arXiv:2606.13915cs.ROcs.SY2026-06

用磁导航系统首次实现磁驱动倒立摆动态摆起,验证了学习控制对不确定性的适应能力。

Learning Dynamic Swing-Up of an Inverted Pendulum using Remote Magnetic Actuation

论文配图:Learning Dynamic Swing-Up of an Inverted Pendulum using Remote Magnetic Actuation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 结合轨迹优化与时变LQR和迭代学习控制,实现动态摆起
  • 仅需六次迭代即完成摆起,而传统LQR方法失败
  • 适合医疗机器人中应对患者生理运动等不确定性的场景

电磁导航系统(eMNS)在微创手术和靶向药物输送中受到广泛关注。尽管多数研究依赖准静态控制,近期工作已证明动态方法的优势,但远离平衡态的轨迹跟踪仍缺乏研究。本文首次利用临床可用的Navion eMNS实现了磁驱动倒立摆的动态摆起。虽然倒立摆本身无直接临床意义,但所提方法以力矩和力为控制目标,可推广至导管、导丝等磁驱动器械。方法结合考虑eMNS内部动力学的轨迹优化、时变线性二次调节器(LQR)状态反馈以及利用前序试验数据和系统模型的迭代学习控制(ILC),逐步优化前馈指令。单独使用LQR因磁驱动复杂现象而失效,而ILC在六次迭代内成功实现摆起。实验后分析显示,学习得到的ILC修正项与高保真磁场模型校准预测的力矩偏差高度吻合,表明学习与自适应是应对电磁驱动中不确定性(如患者个体生理运动模式、场模型校准误差)的有力工具。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Electromagnetic Navigation Systems (eMNS) have gained considerable attention for minimally invasive surgery and targeted drug delivery. While most of the literature relies on quasi-static control of these systems, recent work has demonstrated the benefits of dynamic approaches. However, trajectory tracking far from equilibrium states remains largely unaddressed. We close this gap by demonstrating the first swing-up of a magnetically actuated inverted pendulum using the clinically-ready Navion eMNS. Although the inverted pendulum is not clinically relevant in itself, the proposed method utilizes torques and forces as control objectives, making it applicable to other magnetically actuated devices such as catheters and guidewires. Our approach combines trajectory optimization that accounts for internal eMNS dynamics with time-varying Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) state feedback and Iterative Learning Control (ILC), which leverages previous trial data and the system's dynamic model to progressively refine the feedforward command. While LQR alone fails due to the complex phenomena of magnetic actuation, ILC enables successful swing-up within six iterations. Furthermore, post-experimental analysis reveals that the learned ILC correction closely matches the torque discrepancy predicted by high-fidelity magnetic field model calibration, suggesting learning and adaptation as a promising tool to deal with uncertainties in electromagnetic actuation arising, e.g., from patient-specific physiological motion patterns and field model calibration inaccuracies.

磁导航控制算法医疗机器人学习控制

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