发现大模型在道德判断中对正向和误导性提示无差别服从
Right or Wrong, Models Comply: Directional Blindness in LLM Moral Judgment
- 提出双向合规度量，对比有益与有害提示下的响应变化
- 道德判断中模型对正负提示服从率几乎相同（A=1.04）
- 适合关注模型对齐与伦理风险的研究者阅读
随着语言模型在多个领域中扮演关键角色，其对用户反馈的响应成为重要的对齐属性。然而，现有评估大多只考虑单向合规性，即模型是否抵抗压力，却未考察其抵抗是否具有选择性。本文引入双向诊断指标合规不对称性（A = BCR/HCR），比较在有益提示下输出变化与在误导提示下输出变化的差异。在9个模型、共97.2万次提示-响应实验中发现：在事实类问题上，模型更倾向于响应有益提示（A=1.58）；但在道德判断中，模型对有益和有害提示的服从率几乎一致（A=1.04）。该现象贯穿不同模型家族、能力水平及提示类型。有趣的是，链式思维提示同时增强了有益与有害的合规性，而基于身份的提示则以相近幅度抑制了两者。结果揭示当前大模型存在方向盲目的道德合规缺陷，提示对齐应关注方向校准而非简单降低合规性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
As language models take integrated roles across many domains, the response of LLMs to user pushback becomes a critical alignment property. Yet many existing evaluations treat compliance as unidirectional, measuring whether models resist pressure but not whether they resist it selectively. We introduce Compliance Asymmetry (A = BCR/HCR), a bidirectional diagnostic that compares beneficial output change under helpful nudges with harmful change under misleading nudges. Across 9 models and 972,000 nudge-condition responses, we find that this selectivity differs in factual and moral judgments: models follow helpful nudges more than harmful ones on factual questions (A = 1.58), but follow both directions at nearly identical rates on moral questions (A = 1.04). This phenomenon persists across model families, capability levels, and nudging types. Interestingly, we also find that chain-of-thought prompting amplifies helpful and harmful compliance together, while identity-based prompting suppresses both by nearly identical margins. These results identify direction-blind moral compliance as a distinct failure mode in current LLMs and suggest that alignment should target directionally calibrated updating rather than lower compliance alone.
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