动态选择每层关键视觉片段,大幅减少计算量同时保持高精度。
One Layer's Trash is Another Layer's Treasure: Adaptive Layer-wise Visual Token Selection in LVLMs

- 按层自适应筛选重要视觉令牌,避免全局删减导致信息丢失。
- 在89%压缩率下仍保持96.7%原始准确率,效率与性能平衡出色。
- 无需重训练,适合部署在资源受限的多模态大模型上。
大型视觉语言模型(LVLMs)在多模态任务中表现卓越,但其长视觉令牌序列带来巨大计算负担。现有视觉令牌剪枝方法存在根本缺陷:一旦某层删减令牌,后续层无法再访问,导致信息过早丢失。我们通过实证发现不同层关注的视觉区域各异,表明各层应有不同最优令牌子集。为此提出自适应分层视觉令牌选择(ALVTS),引入轻量级令牌选择器,识别并路由重要令牌至后续处理,让次要令牌跳过当前层,减少冗余计算。两条流经无缝融合后输入下一层,实现全模型自适应压缩。基于重要性一致性约束的低秩近似,选择模块有效模拟完整注意力机制,无需重训练即可捕捉核心模式。在LLaVA-1.5、LLaVA-NeXT和Qwen2.5-VL上实验验证,89%令牌压缩率下保留96.7%原模型精度,显著提升推理效率与准确率平衡。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse multimodal tasks, yet their practical deployment remains constrained by the computational burden arising from lengthy visual tokens. While visual token pruning has emerged as a promising solution, existing methods suffer from a fundamental limitation: once tokens are pruned at a specific layer, they become inaccessible to all subsequent layers, leading to premature information loss that can compromise model performance. Through empirical studies, we observe that different layers exhibit distinct visual region focus, indicating a varying optimal token subset across layers. Motivated by this insight, we propose Adaptive Layer-wise Visual Token Selection (ALVTS), a novel framework that breaks away from the conventional static token pruning paradigm. ALVTS incorporates a lightweight token selector to identify and route important tokens for further processing, while allowing less important tokens to skip the layer, thus minimizing computational redundancy. These two streams of tokens are seamlessly reintegrated before being fed into subsequent layers, facilitating adaptive compression across the entire model. Grounded in our importance consistency constrained low-rank approximation, the proposed token selection module closely emulates the full attention mechanism, effectively capturing its essential patterns without requiring model retraining. Extensive experiments on LLaVA-1.5, LLaVA-NeXT, and Qwen2.5-VL validate the effectiveness of our method. With an 89% token compression ratio, ALVTS retains 96.7% of the original model's accuracy, achieving a superior efficiency-accuracy trade-off for LVLM inference.
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