arXiv:2606.14602cs.RO2026-06中稿 · the 35th IEEE Inte…

任务类型比机器人外形更影响信任,教学时最可信,问个人信息最不信任。

What Robots Do Matters More Than What They Look Like: Task Context Shapes Trust in Educational HRI

  • 通过视频实验对比不同外形机器人在三类任务中的表现。
  • 教学指导时信任度最高,问个人隐私时信任最低,外形影响不显著。
  • 适合教育场景的机器人设计应侧重任务匹配而非外观拟人化。

社交助手机器人(SARs)在教育与信息传递场景中日益普及,得益于大语言模型带来的实时流畅交互能力。尽管机器人形态多样,但其外观是否适用于所有任务,以及信任是否主要受情境因素影响仍不明确。本研究通过被试内视频实验(N = 81),让参与者评估三种不同外观的机器人在三类教育相关任务中的表现:教学、程序性指导和个人信息讨论。重复测量分析显示,任务类型对信任有显著主效应:指导任务中信任最高,教学活动次之,而要求提供个人信息时信任显著降低。机器人外观无显著主效应,外观与任务的交互作用亦不显著。结果表明,人机信任更多由任务情境决定,而非物理形态本身。本研究聚焦未来教育使用者,为教育环境中任务感知型机器人部署提供了实证支持,强调机器人角色与行为应与互动目标对齐,而非仅依赖拟人化设计。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Socially assistive robots (SARs) are increasingly deployed in educational and information-sharing contexts, supported by advances in large language models that enable fluent real-time interaction. Despite the growing diversity of robot embodiments, it remains unclear whether a single robot appearance is appropriate across different interaction tasks or whether trust depends primarily on contextual factors. In this study, we examine how robot appearance and task type jointly influence trust in robots. Using a within-subjects video-based experiment (N = 81), participants evaluated three robots with distinct appearances while performing three educationally relevant tasks: teaching, procedural instruction, and personal-information discussion. Results from repeated-measures analyses show a strong main effect of task on trust, with participants reporting the highest trust during instructional guidance, moderate trust during teaching activities, and significantly lower trust when robots requested personal information. In contrast, robot appearance showed no significant main effect, and the interaction between appearance and task was marginal. These findings suggest that trust in human-robot interaction is shaped more strongly by task context than by physical embodiment alone. By focusing on future educators as end users, this work contributes empirical evidence toward task-aware robot deployment in educational environments and highlights the importance of aligning robot roles and behaviors with interaction goals rather than relying solely on anthropomorphic design.

人机信任教育机器人任务感知

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