arXiv:2606.14688cs.LGcs.AI2026-06被引 2

AI生成数学时,必须容忍大量无用内容才能发现真正有价值的成果。

Flood and Harvest: The Provable Necessity of Trivia for Generating Valuable Mathematics via the Lens of Language Generation in the Limit

论文配图:Flood and Harvest: The Provable Necessity of Trivia for Generating Valuable Mathematics via the Lens of Language Generation in the Limit
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过双重语言生成模型,揭示验证器无法替代人类判断
  • 允许有限无用输出可覆盖一半有价值命题,无限无用则可达近全覆盖
  • 该现象在数学压缩模型中成立,证明无用内容是必要代价

当前结合证明助手的AI系统能大规模生成形式化数学,但验证通过的内容与数学家认为有价值的内容之间差距已成为瓶颈。本文将生成有价值数学建模为嵌套的语言生成极限问题:一个可验证的形式语言F,通过成员查询(证明检查器)访问,包含未知的有价值语言H ⊆ F,仅能通过对抗性枚举其核心C ⊆ H(密度为α)来揭示。每个输出要么是有价值的(∈H),要么是平凡的(∈FackslashH),要么是幻觉(∉F)。本文解决四个问题:第一,验证器不决定品味,能生成的集合恰好对应无验证器模型,由Angluin条件逐纤维刻画;第二,验证器能确保安全覆盖,即覆盖所有未见有价值命题且仅断言有效命题——有验证器可行,无则不可能;它将不可避免的错误从假命题转移到平凡命题;第三,关键发现:对紧致族而言,仅生成有限数量平凡内容的生成器最优覆盖率为α/2;而任何无限平凡内容的允许,即使速率趋于零,覆盖率也跃升至1−α/2(两者均紧致,当核心以候选交集形式呈现);且存在单一生成器同时达到两端;转变点在于平凡内容的数量,而非速率;差距1−α即为未记录的总量;第四,两种情形均可在数学压缩模型中实现。完美验证器无法替代品味:持续产出正确但无价值的命题并非工程缺陷,而是必然结果——覆盖未记录有价值数学,要求无限但渐近可忽略的已验证平凡内容流。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

AI systems coupled to proof assistants now generate formal mathematics at scale, and the gap between what a checker can verify and what a mathematician would value has become the binding constraint. We model the generation of valuable mathematics as nested language generation in the limit: a verifiable formal language $F$, accessed through a membership oracle (the proof checker), contains an unknown valuable language $H \in \mathcal{H}$ revealed only through an adversarial enumeration of a core $C \subseteq H$ of exact density $α$ (the literature). Every output is valuable ($\in H$), trivial ($\in F \setminus H$), or a hallucination ($\notin F$). We settle four questions. First, the verifier is not taste: the collections admitting generation with breadth are exactly those of the oracle-free model, characterized fiber-wise by Angluin's condition. Second, the verifier does buy sound coverage, covering all unseen valuable statements while asserting only valid ones: possible with it, impossible without it; it relocates unavoidable errors from false to trivial. Third, and centrally, a sharp dichotomy on the tight family: generators emitting finitely many trivia achieve optimal coverage $α/2$, while any infinite trivia allowance, even at vanishing rate, jumps the optimum to $1-α/2$ (both tight, for cores presented as the candidate intersection), and one generator attains both ends. The transition is in trivia count, not rate; the gap $1-α$ is the unrecorded mass. Fourth, both regimes instantiate in a compression model of mathematics. A perfect verifier cannot substitute for taste: the unbounded stream of correct-but-worthless statements is not an engineering accident but a provable necessity, since covering unrecorded valuable mathematics requires an infinite, but asymptotically negligible, stream of certified trivia.

形式化数学语言生成验证器生成质量

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