arXiv:2606.14763cs.ROcs.LG2026-06

用贝叶斯优化提升机器人导航的非线性MPC控制参数,实现高成功率自适应避障。

Bayesian Optimization for Learning Nonlinear MPC in Autonomous Agent Navigation

论文配图:Bayesian Optimization for Learning Nonlinear MPC in Autonomous Agent Navigation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 结合激光雷达与A*路径规划,通过MPC实时跟踪无碰撞轨迹。
  • 仿真中导航成功率达90.0%,评估指标平均提升38.9%。
  • 参数优化可直接迁移至真实机器人,适合需高鲁棒性的自主导航系统。

在动态未知环境中实现移动机器人的实时自主导航仍是核心挑战。本文提出一种无需地图的框架,将反应式滚动时域规划与非线性模型预测控制(MPC)紧密结合。每个控制周期内,基于激光雷达构建高斯占用表示,通过A*搜索生成无碰撞轨迹,并由CasADi/IPOPT求解器实现轨迹跟踪,其中引入平滑的sigmoid障碍物屏障。为提升对参数敏感性的鲁棒性,采用基于树状结构帕森估计器(TPE)的离线贝叶斯优化方法,在复合导航目标下寻找近优控制器参数。同时使用高斯过程代理模型分析参数敏感性并揭示优化空间特征。该框架具备机器人无关性,在Gazebo仿真中对Unitree Go2四足机器人进行评估,并部署于实物机器人。实验表明,仿真中调优的参数可有效迁移至硬件,无需额外调整,整体系统在部署后实现最高90.0%的导航成功率,且在模拟环境中评估指标平均提升38.9%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Real-time autonomous navigation in dynamic, unknown environments remains a fundamental challenge for mobile robotics. We propose a map-free framework that tightly integrates reactive rolling-horizon planning with nonlinear Model Predictive Control (MPC). At each control cycle, a LiDAR-based Gaussian occupancy representation is constructed and used to generate collision-free trajectories via A* search, which are then tracked by a CasADi/IPOPT MPC formulation incorporating a smooth sigmoid obstacle barrier. To improve robustness to parameter sensitivity, we adopt an offline Bayesian optimization scheme based on Tree-structured Parzen Estimators (TPE), which identifies near-optimal controller parameters with respect to a composite navigation objective. In addition, a Gaussian Process surrogate is used to analyze parameter sensitivity and provide insight into the optimization landscape. The proposed framework is robot-agnostic and is evaluated on the Unitree Go2 quadruped in simulation using Gazebo, followed by deployment on the physical robot. Experimental results show that parameters tuned in simulation transfer effectively to hardware, maintaining comparable performance without additional tuning. The full system achieves up to a 90.0\% navigation success rate when deployed, along with a 38.9\% average improvement in the evaluation metrics across simulated environments.

自主导航MPC控制贝叶斯优化四足机器人

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