arXiv:2606.14767cs.RO2026-06

用程序生成逼真航拍数据,训练无人机自动找安全着陆点。

Synthetic-to-Real Pipeline for Safe Landing Zone Detection

论文配图:Synthetic-to-Real Pipeline for Safe Landing Zone Detection
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用程序合成带语义标注的逼真城市空照图,免去人工标注。
  • 在真实无人机视频上验证,能准确识别未见过环境中的安全着陆区。
  • 适合做无人飞行器自主回收系统开发的研究者和工程师。

随着无人飞行器(UAV)向更高自主级别发展,其在非协作、非结构化环境中实现无需协助的自主回收能力变得至关重要。安全自主着陆需要高保真语义分辨率以区分可通行地形与危险障碍物,但常因标注航拍数据集稀缺而受阻。本文提出一个完整的感知与数据生成流程,旨在弥合自主着陆任务中仿真到现实的差距。我们引入一种基于过程的合成数据引擎,通过领域随机化自动生成具有真实感的城市环境及自动化语义标注。采用基于Transformer的OneFormer架构仅在该合成数据上微调,利用多头自注意力机制实现全局上下文解析。为确保操作安全,设计了一个确定性着陆模块,结合欧氏距离变换(EDT)与动态推理逻辑,识别最大内切安全着陆区,并严格保持障碍物周围缓冲距离。定量对比UAVid数据集表现优异,定性验证在真实无人机影像上亦能准确识别无碰撞着陆位点。结果表明,高保真过程式仿真可消除人工标注需求,同时提供鲁棒、边缘部署可用的情境感知能力,助力无人飞行器自主回收。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) transition toward higher levels of autonomy, the ability to perform unassisted recovery in non-cooperative, unstructured environments becomes critical. Achieving safe autonomous landing requires high-fidelity semantic resolution to distinguish navigable terrain from hazardous obstacles, yet development is often hindered by the scarcity of annotated aerial datasets. This work proposes a comprehensive perception and data generation pipeline designed to bridge the sim-to-real gap for autonomous landing tasks. We introduce a procedural synthetic data engine that generates photorealistic urban environments with automated semantic annotations through domain randomization. A Transformer-based OneFormer architecture is fine-tuned exclusively on this synthetic data, leveraging multi-head self-attention mechanisms for global context resolution. To ensure operational safety, a deterministic landing module utilizes a Euclidean Distance Transform (EDT) and dynamic inference logic to identify the largest inscribed safe landing zones while maintaining strict clearance buffers around obstacles. Quantitative benchmarking against the UAVid dataset demonstrates robust semantic segmentation performance, while qualitative validation on real-world UAV footage confirms the system's ability to identify collision-free landing sites in unseen environments. Our results highlight the potential of high-fidelity procedural simulation to eliminate the need for manual annotation while providing robust, edge-deployable situational awareness for autonomous UAV recovery.

无人机自主着陆合成数据语义分割

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