arXiv:2606.15304cs.CV2026-06

用扩散模型生成脑出血进展的多版本预测图像,支持医生做更稳妥的决策。

HemExp: Clinically-Guided Latent Diffusion for Modeling Hematoma Expansion

论文配图:HemExp: Clinically-Guided Latent Diffusion for Modeling Hematoma Expansion
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于基线影像和临床指标,用扩散模型生成患者特异的后续CT图像。
  • 通过多次生成估算出血体积分布,可给出概率性风险提示。
  • 支持调整发病时间、用药状态等变量,模拟不同临床场景。

自发性脑出血后血肿扩展(HE)是神经外科急性分诊和治疗决策的关键因素。现有方法多仅提供二分类扩展风险或单一随访体积,难以支持不确定性下的临床判断。本文提出HemExp,一种临床引导的潜在扩散模型,可生成患者特异的随访非增强CT图像及脑实质与脑室内出血的分割结果。生成过程基于基线影像、临床变量和显式扩展指示器,实现对真实临床场景的可控模拟。HemExp采用出血感知的多头变分自编码器,将进展建模为基线与随访潜空间表示之差,并使用条件扩散模型进行建模。模型在450名来自多个中心的患者配对扫描上训练,并在107名保留机构患者上评估。通过每例患者生成多个合成随访图像,HemExp可输出空间化的血肿扩展概率图,以估计合理随访血肿体积的分布。改变症状-成像时间或抗凝状态等临床输入,会系统性地改变预测体积分布。相比二分类模型,HemExp能更稳健地估计临床相关结果,如血肿体积、脑室受累和占位效应。结果表明,可控潜空间扩散模型是早期脑出血进展不确定性建模的有前景方向。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Hematoma expansion (HE) after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major determinant of acute triage and treatment decisions in neurosurgical care. However, most existing methods provide either a binary expansion risk or a single follow-up volume, limiting uncertainty-aware decisions. We introduce HemExp, a clinically-guided latent diffusion model that generates patient-specific follow-up non-contrast CT images, along with segmentations of intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhage. Generation is conditioned on baseline imaging, clinical variables, and an explicit expansion indicator, enabling controllable simulation of realistic clinical scenarios. HemExp uses a hemorrhage-aware multi-head variational autoencoder and models progression as the difference between baseline and follow-up latent representations with a conditional diffusion model. The model is trained on paired scans from 450 patients across multiple centers and evaluated on 107 patients from a held-out institution. HemExp produces spatial HE probability maps by generating multiple synthetic follow-up images per patient to estimate distributions of plausible follow-up hematoma volumes. Perturbing clinical inputs such as symptom-onset-to-imaging time or anticoagulant status shifts the predicted follow-up volume distribution. HemExp extends binary predictors and demonstrates robust estimation of clinically relevant outcomes in the imaging space, such as hematoma volume, intraventricular involvement, and mass effects. Overall, our results support controllable latent diffusion as a promising direction for uncertainty-aware modeling of early ICH progression.

脑出血扩散模型医学影像不确定性建模

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