arXiv:2606.15730cs.LGcs.AI2026-06

无需更新模型,部署时实时清除后门攻击行为。

InstantForget: Update-Free Backdoor Unlearning with Inference-Time Feature Reset

论文配图:InstantForget: Update-Free Backdoor Unlearning with Inference-Time Feature Reset
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过马氏距离识别异常特征,仅重置可疑特征点。
  • 在四类非自适应攻击下平均误报率降至0.071。
  • 适用于无触发样本、不修改参数的部署场景。

后门消去旨在移除已部署模型中的恶意触发行为,同时保留正常功能。本文研究模型参数冻结的推理时无更新设置。首先,我们验证了基于干净与触发特征配对的理想投影假设:该方法仅在BadNets上有效,而在WaNet、Blended和SIG上的攻击成功率(ASR)分别高达0.683、0.888和0.941(在CIFAR-10 ResNet-18上)。此失败现象无法用谱紧凑性、空间局部性或子空间错位解释,而是由一个涉及目标边际、目标置信度下降与非目标置信度上升的逻辑三元组差距所预测。随后提出InstantForget:一种基于干净数据校准的门控重置机制,利用马氏距离标记异常特征,并将其推向中性非目标表示。仅需在预留的触发验证集上选定一个固定操作点,InstantForget即可在无触发样本、无参数更新的情况下,将四种非自适应攻击的平均ASR降至0.071。其检测准确率(AUROC)达0.981,并可迁移至八种测试骨干网络中的六种。报告的失效案例包括WaNet、ModelNet10点融合攻击、两种骨干结构及自适应特征紧凑性攻击,明确了方法适用边界。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Backdoor unlearning aims to remove a malicious trigger behavior from a deployed model while preserving clean utility. We study the update-free inference-time setting, where model parameters remain frozen. First, we audit a common projection assumption under oracle paired clean and triggered features. Projection succeeds mainly on BadNets and leaves WaNet, Blended, and SIG at 0.683, 0.888, and 0.941 ASR on CIFAR-10 ResNet-18. This failure is not explained by spectral compactness, spatial locality, or subspace misalignment. It is predicted by a logit-triplet gap involving the target margin, target-logit drop, and non-target logit rise. We then introduce InstantForget, a clean-calibrated gated reset that flags anomalous features with a Mahalanobis score and moves only flagged features toward a neutral non-target representation. With one fixed operating point selected on held-out triggered validation, InstantForget reduces average ASR to 0.071 across four non-adaptive CIFAR-10 triggers without triggered samples or parameter updates at deployment. It also reaches 0.981 detection AUROC and transfers to six of eight tested backbones. Reported failures under WaNet, ModelNet10 point blend, two backbone geometries, and adaptive feature-compactness attacks define the method's scope.

后门防御模型安全无更新特征重置

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