通过智能调度优化,让机器人状态估计更准更快。
A Smart-Scheduled Hybrid (SSH) EKF-FGO State Estimation

- 融合扩展卡尔曼滤波与因子图优化,按需调度全局优化
- 实验发现:调度频率影响误差漂移与运行时间,可大幅降本增效
- 适合做实时定位与建图的工程师参考
机器人与控制中的可靠状态估计需要在精度与计算成本间取得平衡。基于滤波的方法(如扩展卡尔曼滤波器,EKF)能实现高效实时更新,而基于因子图的优化方法则提升全局一致性。然而,优化调度的作用常被隐含处理,未作为独立设计变量研究。本文提出一种智能调度混合(SSH)EKF-FGO框架,作为可控测试平台,明确分离优化调度的影响。通过固定求解器结构与计算努力,仅改变优化周期,在平面SLAM仿真中验证了调度策略对中间估计精度、漂移行为及运行时间的显著影响。结果表明,在特定调度区间内,可保留大部分全局优化收益,同时将计算成本降至不足十分之一,凸显优化调度在混合状态估计系统中的关键作用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reliable state estimation in robotics and control re quires balancing estimation accuracy against computational cost. While filtering-based methods such as the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) provide efficient real-time updates, and optimisation based formulations using factor graphs improve global consistency, the role of optimisation scheduling is often treated implicitly rather than examined as an explicit design variable. This paper presents an experimental study that explicitly isolates optimisation scheduling using a Smart Scheduled Hybrid (SSH) EKF-FGO framework as a controlled testbed. By combining EKF-based state propagation with periodically invoked batch optimisation and holding solver structure and effort fixed, the main contribution of this work is the experimental characterisation of optimisation scheduling as an independent design variable governing the trade-off between intermediate estimation accuracy and computational cost. Simulation results in a planar SLAM environment show that scheduling strongly influences pre optimisation drift, transient error behaviour, and runtime. In particular, the results identify operating regimes in which most of the benefit of global optimisation can be retained at a fraction of the computational cost, highlighting optimisation scheduling as an under-explored yet critical consideration in hybrid state estimation systems.
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