端到端优化不规则3D物体包装,自动估算容器尺寸并大幅缩小体积。
Differentiable Packing of Irregular 3D Objects with Adaptive Container Estimation

- 通过梯度下降联合优化物体姿态和容器大小,无需手动调参。
- 在N=100时容器体积比基准方法小11%~32%,单次运行低于4分钟。
- 无需物理引擎或复杂计算,支持消费级显卡快速部署。
现有方法通常预先固定容器或仅通过外部循环优化单一维度,其余维度仍需人工调整。本文提出一种可微包装框架,可在单一梯度优化循环中联合优化全部6N个物体位姿参数及三个容器边长。该方法基于六个基于物理启发的可微损失项,直接在三角网格上通过轴对齐包围盒代理计算。引入自适应挤压机制,在重叠损失低于成对计数缩放阈值时周期性收紧容器,实现初始体积大幅降低,随后精细调整。所有成对计算采用张量广播形式编写,相比参考循环实现提速3.4至54倍。代码基于Python和PyTorch实现,无需物理引擎、FFT库或凸分解。在多个物体类别上,本方法在N=100时产生的容器体积比时间匹配的DBLF和模拟退火基线小11%至32%,且单实例运行时间不超过4分钟(单个消费级GPU)。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Most existing approaches either fix the container in advance or optimize only a single container dimension through an outer search loop, leaving the remaining dimensions as a manual tuning problem. We present a differentiable packing framework that jointly optimizes all 6N object pose parameters and all three container side lengths inside a single gradient-based loop. The formulation combines six physics-inspired, differentiable loss terms computed directly on triangle meshes through axis-aligned bounding-box proxies. An adaptive squeezing mechanism periodically tightens the container whenever the overlap loss falls below a pair-count-scaled threshold, producing a large initial drop in container volume, followed by small refinements. All pairwise computations are written in tensor-broadcasting form, giving a 3.4 to 54 times speedup over a reference loop-based implementation. The pipeline is implemented in Python and PyTorch, with no physics engine, FFT library, or convex decomposition. On multiple object categories, the method produces containers that are 11 to 32 percent smaller than time-matched DBLF and simulated-annealing baselines at N =100, while running in under 4 minutes per instance on a single consumer GPU.
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