让语言代理主动补全缺失上下文,提升任务执行准确率
ACCORD: Action-Conditioned Contextual Grounding for Language Agents

- 在每步行动前主动探测环境,补全被忽略的上下文信息
- 在AppWorld上使任务完成率从42.0%提升至62.6%,最高+20.6点
- 无需额外训练,适用于多种大模型和真实世界任务场景
用户指令常因隐含环境假设而表述不完整。大型语言模型(LLM)代理在信息丰富的数字与物理环境中,无法仅凭指令推断这些假设,必须从当前工具、数据、界面和观测中恢复缺失上下文。有效执行需代理识别缺失信息,基于观察证据进行定位,并将其带入后续动作。我们发现现有代理常失败:依赖假设而非观察结果,忽视可获取信息,未能整合已返回的证据。为此,我们提出ACCORD(Action-Conditioned Contextual Grounding),一种简单有效的自适应上下文定位框架。在每一步行动前,ACCORD主动探测环境以补全缺失信息,并整合轨迹中易被忽略的相关上下文。该方法无需额外训练或任务成功信号,在AppWorld上使用GPT-5-mini时,任务目标完成率从42.0%提升至62.6%,最高提升+20.6点;在更强模型Claude-4.5-sonnet下仍获+10.8提升,在Qwen3.5-27B-FP8下获+10.1提升,并在具身任务基准AlfWorld上实现+7.4的成功率提升。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
User instructions are often underspecified because humans rely on implicit assumptions about the surrounding environment. For large language model (LLM) agents operating in information-rich digital and physical environments, these assumptions cannot be inferred from the instruction alone; they must be recovered from the current state of tools, data, interfaces, and observations. Effective execution therefore requires agents to identify missing context, ground it in observed evidence, and carry it forward into subsequent actions. We show that current agents often fail to do so. They act from assumed rather than observed specifics, overlook information they could have gathered, and fail to incorporate evidence that has already been returned. Building on this insight, we propose ACCORD (Action-Conditioned Contextual Grounding), a simple and effective agent framework for adaptive grounding. Before each action, ACCORD actively probes the environment for missing information and integrates relevant context from the agent's trajectory that would otherwise be overlooked. Requiring no additional training or task-success signals, ACCORD improves task-goal completion on AppWorld by up to +20.6 points with GPT-5-mini, from 42.0% to 62.6%, compared to strong baselines. These gains persist with a substantially stronger base model (+10.8 with Claude-4.5-sonnet), an open-weight model (+10.1 with Qwen3.5-27B-FP8), and on the embodied AlfWorld benchmark (+7.4 success rate with GPT-5-mini).
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