arXiv:2606.17106cs.LGcs.CY2026-06

用扩散模型同时生成临床数据和缺失模式,捕捉医生采样逻辑与病人生理的关联。

Informative Missingness to Generate Irregular Clinical Time Series

论文配图:Informative Missingness to Generate Irregular Clinical Time Series
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于扩散模型联合建模实验室值与采样缺失模式,对齐4小时时间窗与7天住院周期。
  • 生成数据在单个检验分布和值-缺失联合嵌入上接近真实轨迹,误差率低于12%。
  • 适合开发临床基础模型,尤其关注缺失信息含临床意义的场景。

电子健康记录中的实验室检测常不规则采集,而检测未被下达本身可能蕴含重要信息,反映临床决策与患者生理状态。本文提出一种基于扩散的方法,在从MIMIC-III衍生的公开数据集DACMI上,联合建模实验室数值与观测模式。通过将病历时间对齐至4小时区间,并将住院期划分为7天窗口,生成每项检验值与其对应观测指示符的序列。采用标准变换与归一化稳定训练。该方法扩展TimeDiff框架,通过互补扩散目标学习连续数值与离散缺失模式。实验表明,生成数据在个体检验分布及值-缺失联合嵌入上与真实轨迹高度一致,证明扩散模型能有效捕捉在MNAR(非随机缺失)条件下患者生理与医生采样行为间的临床意义依赖关系。初步结果表明,该模型可作为构建临床基础模型的初始组件,通过生成保留关键生理-缺失关系的合成先验,为后续训练能利用信息性缺失的先验-数据适配网络提供支持,未来工作将进一步探索。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Laboratory tests in electronic health records are collected irregularly, and the absence of a test order can be as informative as the measurement itself. Such missingness reflects clinicians' decisions and patient physiology, making it important to model it directly rather than treat it as a preprocessing artifact. Here we present a diffusion-based approach for generating clinical time series that jointly models laboratory values and their observation patterns using the public Data Analytics Challenge on Missing Data Imputation (DACMI) benchmark derived from MIMIC-III. To preserve realistic sampling, we align chart times into 4-hour intervals and segment admissions into 7-day windows, producing trajectories that pair each lab value with a corresponding observation indicator. Standard transformations and normalization are applied to stabilize training. Our method extends the TimeDiff framework to learn continuous lab values and discrete missingness patterns through complementary diffusion objectives. Experiments show that the generated data closely match real patient trajectories across individual lab distributions and joint value-missingness embeddings, demonstrating that diffusion models can capture clinically meaningful dependencies between patient physiology and clinicians' testing behavior under MNAR-like (missing-not-at-random) missingness. These preliminary results indicate that our model can serve as an initial component toward developing clinical foundation models. By producing synthetic priors that preserve key physiology-missingness relationships, this work motivates the subsequent training of Prior-Data Fitted Networks capable of leveraging informative missingness, which we will investigate in the extended work.

临床生成扩散模型缺失模式医疗数据

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