构建可评估工人技能重塑的生产库存控制基准,解决技能退化与培训冲突问题。
SkillChain-Gym: A Benchmark for Reskilling-Aware Production-Inventory Control under Disruptions

- 设计带技能遗忘与培训约束的单站点仿真环境
- 训练类策略在长期中优于纯生产策略,且维护培训必不可少
- 适合研究生产调度与人力规划交叉问题的研究者
生产计划需将员工能力视为可决策变量:资质会因技能闲置而失效,新产品要求现有工人不具备的技能,而再培训又与生产争夺相同工时。现有运营基准通常将劳动力视为外生因素,而含技能与学习的规划模型极少以可复用测试平台形式发布。本文提出SkillChain-Gym,一个面向技能重塑感知的生产-库存控制基准:包含单站点环境、简化的工人技能状态动态、硬阈值认证、遗忘机制,以及与生产共享每名工人时间预算的耗能型培训动作。该基准支持种子控制的中断场景、三种可行性模式及投影诊断、确定性重播,以及涵盖运营、韧性、能力增长与培训可及性的度量指标。我们在60个班次周期内,对仅生产、反应式自适应、水填充自适应与静态保险策略及其预算变体进行配对统计检验。结果呈现制度依赖性而非单一排名:具备训练能力的策略整体优于仅生产基线;即使无中断,遗忘下维护培训也必要。在可训练类别中,当瓶颈在预测中可见时,自适应训练有效;而精简的静态跨培训计划(刻意设计为有利比较器)在突发冲击与缺勤下表现优异,起到强保险作用。容量冗余与遗忘率决定了两类策略的边界。无任一策略在所有情境下占优,因此需要基于预测的控制器来决定何时购买技能保险、何时响应。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Production planning increasingly has to treat workforce capability as a decision variable: certifications lapse when skills are not maintained, new products require skills the current workforce does not hold, and reskilling competes for the same worker hours needed for production. Existing operations benchmarks usually treat labor as exogenous, while workforce-planning models with skills and learning are rarely released as reusable testbeds. We introduce SkillChain-Gym, a benchmark specification for reskilling-aware production-inventory control: a single-site environment with stylized worker skill-state dynamics, hard threshold certification, forgetting, and capacity-consuming training actions constrained by the same per-worker time budget as production. The benchmark includes seed-controlled disruption scenarios, three feasibility modes with projection diagnostics, deterministic replay, and metrics covering operations, resilience, capability growth, and training-access distribution. We evaluate production-only, reactive adaptive, water-filling adaptive, and static-insurance policies with budget variants over 60-shift horizons with paired statistical tests. The results are regime-dependent rather than a ranking. Training-capable policies dominate the production-only baseline, and maintenance training is necessary under forgetting even without disruptions. Among training-capable classes, adaptive training helps when bottlenecks are visible in the forecast, while a lean static cross-training plan, a deliberately favorable comparator whose structure encodes relevant skill contingencies, acts as strong insurance under surprise shocks and absenteeism. Capacity slack and the forgetting rate govern the boundary between these regimes. No policy class dominates across regimes, motivating forecast-driven controllers that decide when to buy skill insurance and when to react.
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