arXiv:2606.17317cs.ROcs.AI2026-06

用Transformer预测空间机械臂抓取翻滚目标的最优路径,提速近四分之一。

Transformer-Based Warm-Starting for Feasible and Optimal Terminal Approach to Tumbling Objects with Space Manipulators

论文配图:Transformer-Based Warm-Starting for Feasible and Optimal Terminal Approach to Tumbling Objects with Space Manipulators
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用因果Transformer预热优化算法,加速姿态与机械臂协同控制阶段。
  • 在300个测试场景中,减少28%迭代次数,提速23%,保持最优成本分布。
  • 适合航天机器人实时路径规划、高鲁棒性任务设计的研究者。

在轨机器人服务中的实时轨迹生成因航天器本体运动、机械臂动力学、可见性锥及轨迹级安全约束之间的非线性耦合而极具挑战。本文研究基于学习的暖启动方法,用于空间机械臂对翻滚目标进行末端逼近时的序列凸规划(SCP)。该框架将问题分解为质心平移规划阶段和姿态-机械臂力矩分配耦合阶段,并在后者应用因果Transformer暖启动,此阶段是主要计算瓶颈。比较了不同动作分块与训练数据规模下的线性与流匹配动作解码器,评估其在成本最优与可行性投影两种模式下的表现。在300个保留测试场景中,所提学习暖启动使第二阶段SCP迭代次数减少最多达28%,运行时间缩短23%,同时保持最终控制成本分布不变。当用于非凸可行性投影时,相较成本最优SCP,运行时间几乎减半,且避免了启发式初始化引发的灾难性高成本尾部行为。结果表明,序列模型暖启动可显著提升基于优化的末端引导在计算效率与轨迹鲁棒性方面的表现。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Real-time trajectory generation for on-orbit robotic servicing is challenging due to the nonlinear coupling between spacecraft bus motion, manipulator dynamics, visibility cone, and trajectory-level safety constraints. This paper studies learning-based warm-starting for sequential convex programming (SCP) in the terminal approach of a space manipulator toward a tumbling target. The proposed framework decomposes the problem into a system center-of-mass translational planning stage and a coupled attitude--manipulator torque-allocation stage, and applies a causal transformer warm-start to the latter, which constitutes the dominant computational bottleneck. Linear and flow matching action decoders are compared under different action-chunking and training dataset sizes, and the resulting warm-starts are evaluated under both cost-optimal and feasibility projection using SCP. Across 300 held-out scenarios, the learned warm-start reduces the second-stage SCP iteration count by up to 28% and the runtime by 23% while preserving the final control-cost distribution. When the learned warm-starts are used for nonconvex feasibility projection, they nearly halve the runtime relative to cost-optimal SCP, while avoiding the catastrophic high-cost tail behavior observed when initialized heuristically. These results indicate that sequence-model warm-starts can improve both the computational efficiency and trajectory robustness of optimization-based terminal guidance for space manipulation.

空间机械臂轨迹规划Transformer优化控制

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