用Transformer从轨迹生成多种连杆机构,精度高且无需查表。
Discrete Autoregressive Transformer for Generative Mechanism Synthesis

- 将轨迹转为离散符号,用VAE潜空间+类型标记驱动Transformer逐点生成机构。
- 测试集平均切比雪夫距离0.0132,动态时间规整0.153,效果接近最优基线。
- 支持多类型机构生成,适合需要多样化设计的机械系统开发人员。
平面路径合成需设计连杆曲线匹配指定轨迹,同一轨迹可对应多种四、六、八杆拓扑结构。本文基于超百万机制的精选数据集,通过正向运动学与几何对齐后评估切比雪夫距离与动态时间规整。将合成问题建模为条件自回归序列生成:关节坐标均匀量化为符号,由仅解码器的Transformer生成,输入为目标轨迹的变分自编码器(VAE)潜变量与显式机构类型符号。训练结合符号交叉熵与高斯平滑的分桶辅助损失,保留符号顺序结构。推理时,采用受限的潜噪声调度,在每层噪声水平下解码所有机构类型,按几何误差保留前五名候选,实现无数据集查找的多样且精准生成。在独立测试集上,平均切比雪夫距离为0.0132,平均动态时间规整为0.153;以训练集中最邻近的潜变量作为条件的k近邻基线,在相同解码器下达到同拓扑平均切比雪夫距离0.0071与平均动态时间规整0.117。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Planar path synthesis requires mechanisms whose coupler curves match a prescribed trajectory; the mapping from curve to linkage is inherently one-to-many across four-, six-, and eight-bar topologies. We address this design problem with simulation-grounded evaluation on a curated corpus of over one million mechanisms, reporting Chamfer distance and dynamic time warping after forward kinematics and geometric alignment. We formulate synthesis as conditional autoregressive sequence modeling: joint coordinates are uniformly quantized to tokens and generated by a decoder-only transformer with a variational-autoencoder (VAE) latent of the target curve and an explicit mechanism-type token. Training combines token cross-entropy with a Gaussian-smoothed bin auxiliary loss that respects ordinal structure among bins. At inference, a bounded latent-noise schedule decodes all mechanism types at each noise level; we retain the top five candidates by geometric error, yielding diverse accurate families without dataset lookup. On held-out tests, aggregate mean Chamfer distance is $0.0132$ and mean dynamic time warping is $0.153$; a latent $k$-nearest-neighbor baseline that conditions on training-set neighbor latents in VAE space achieves matched-topology mean Chamfer distance $0.0071$ and mean dynamic time warping $0.117$ using the same decoder.
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