arXiv:2606.17572cs.LGcs.SY2026-06

提出无需标签的读出方法,让模型聚焦真实物理事件而非平滑背景。

When Dynamics Models Read the Wrong Time Steps: Label-Free Event Credit Re-Anchoring for Robust Global Readouts

论文配图:When Dynamics Models Read the Wrong Time Steps: Label-Free Event Credit Re-Anchoring for Robust Global Readouts
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过事件-背景对比,重新锚定全局读出的注意力位置
  • 在多种系统和模型上显著降低分布外误差,恢复事件信用
  • 无需训练、无需标签,解决动态模型的时间信用稀释问题

学习到的动力学模型常通过聚合每一步特征序列生成全局读出向量来回答故障严重性或冲击刚度等物理问题。这种序列到全局的接口引发未被充分研究的时间信用问题:仅依赖轨迹级监督时,模型可在训练条件下准确预测,却可能从大量平滑相关信号中获取信用,而非决定目标的短暂物理事件。我们称此为时间信用稀释。该问题不被训练损失暴露,也无法通过标准物理约束消除,因错误在于全局读出如何分配功能信用。本文提出信用在事件(Credit-in-Event)——一种界面级探针,用于测量聚合信用落在事件步骤的比例,并以闭式证明线性读取器在事件比例减小时会将信用导向虚假背景通道。随后提出CREST,一种无需训练、无需标签的读出方法,通过从学习特征中估计瞬态事件核心,并利用事件-余量对比重锚定聚合表示。在模拟齿轮与冲击系统、循环神经网络与注意力编码器以及公开轴承振动数据上,CREST在降低分布外误差的同时恢复了事件信用。消融实验表明,稳定步选择与感受野收缩无效,证实收益源于事件核心信用重锚,而非通用局部性或稳定性先验。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Learned dynamics models often answer global physical questions, such as fault severity or impact stiffness, by pooling a per-step feature sequence into one readout vector. This sequence-to-global interface creates an under-studied temporal credit problem: with only trajectory-level supervision, a model can predict accurately in training conditions while reading from abundant smooth correlates rather than the brief physical events that determine the target. We call this failure temporal credit dilution. It is not exposed by the training loss and is not removed by standard physics-informed residuals, because the error lies in where the global readout assigns functional credit. We introduce Credit-in-Event, an interface-level probe for measuring how much pooled credit lands on event steps, and prove in closed form that a pooled linear reader routes credit to a spurious background channel as the event fraction shrinks. We then propose CREST, a training-free and label-free readout that estimates a transient event core from learned features and re-anchors the pooled representation through event-versus-rest contrast. Across simulated gear and impact systems, recurrent and attention encoders, and public bearing vibration data, CREST reduces out-of-distribution error while restoring event credit. Ablations show that stable-step selection and receptive-field shrinking fail, confirming that the gain comes from event-core credit re-anchoring rather than a generic locality or stability prior.

动态建模事件检测时间信用无标签

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