arXiv:2606.17637cs.AI2026-06被引 1

用动态上下文学习自动分类建筑设备数据,提升标准化效率。

Brick-DICL: Dynamic In-Context Learning for Automated Brick Schema Classification

论文配图:Brick-DICL: Dynamic In-Context Learning for Automated Brick Schema Classification
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建双阶段检索增强框架,动态注入领域知识和候选类
  • 在多个数据集上准确率显著优于现有方法,减少人工校验
  • 适合需要快速接入标准化系统的建筑管理团队

建筑管理系统(BMS)对现代建筑的能效与运营优化至关重要,但不同厂商的BMS点缺乏统一标准,阻碍了系统集成与数据利用。尽管Brick schema提供了建筑系统的标准化本体,但将其映射到合适的Brick类别仍面临三大挑战:(i) Brick类别数量庞大(最新版共936个),(ii) 大型语言模型(LLMs)缺乏领域特定知识,(iii) 需要大量人工验证。为此,我们提出Brick-DICL,一种两阶段动态上下文学习框架,用于自动化Brick schema分类。该框架包含两个核心组件:metadata-RAG,通过检索相关示例增强LLMs的领域知识;class-RAG,缩小潜在的Brick类别范围以应对庞大的分类空间。此外,我们引入多LLM过滤机制,跨多个模型比较预测结果,对低置信度分类进行标记以便人工复核。实验表明:(i) 通用性:Brick-DICL适用于任意厂商或元数据格式的BMS;(ii) 创新且高效:作为首个针对Brick schema分类的动态上下文学习方法,其在多个建筑数据集上实现显著准确率提升,优于现有方法;(iii) 高效性:多模型过滤策略大幅降低人工验证工作量,支持快速数字建筑上线。广泛实验验证了Brick-DICL在多样化建筑数据集上的有效性,加速了标准化、互操作化建筑管理系统的发展。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Building Management Systems (BMS) are essential for optimizing energy efficiency and operational performance in modern buildings. However, the lack of standardization across BMS points from different manufacturers creates significant barriers to integration and data utilization. While the Brick schema offers a standardized ontology for building systems, mapping BMS points to appropriate Brick classes presents three critical challenges: (i) the extensive number of Brick classes (936 in the latest version), (ii) limited domain-specific knowledge in large language models (LLMs), and (iii) substantial manual effort required for verification. To address these challenges, we propose Brick-DICL, a two-stage dynamic in-context learning framework for automated Brick schema classification. Brick-DICL consists of two primary components: metadata-RAG, which retrieves relevant examples to enhance LLMs' domain knowledge, and class-RAG, which narrows down potential Brick classes to address the large classification space. Additionally, we implement a multi-LLM filtering mechanism that compares predictions across multiple models, flagging low-confidence classifications for human review. As a result: (i) General: Brick-DICL is applicable to any building management system regardless of manufacturer or metadata format; (ii) Novel and Powerful: as the first dynamic in-context learning approach for Brick schema classification, Brick-DICL achieves significant classification accuracy improvements on building datasets, outperforming existing methods; (iii) Efficient: our multi-LLM filtering strategy reduces manual verification effort, enabling rapid digital building onboarding. Extensive experiments demonstrate Brick-DICL's effectiveness across diverse building datasets, accelerating the path toward standardized, interoperable building management systems.

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