实测发现无人机救灾时责任归属模糊，需改进管理机制。
Accountability in Autonomous Drone-Based Firefighting: Insights From a Field Trial
- 基于真实灭火演练，分析无人机在指挥链中的角色不清问题
- 发现人机协作中新出现的责任认定难题，影响整体问责
- 提出可操作建议，助力无人机安全融入应急响应体系
自主无人机在应急救援中的应用日益广泛，但将其整合进现有应急团队和工作流程可能显著影响既有的责任关系。本文通过两次真实的灭火现场试验，研究了自主无人机对复杂社会技术系统中责任归属的影响。结果表明，在组织部署无人机时存在显著的责任归属不确定性。基于Bovens的责任框架，识别出两大挑战：(1) 无人机在层级结构中的角色不明，导致责任分配混乱；(2) 新型人机交互模式引入了新的责任相关问题。据此，论文提出了切实可行的建议，以支持无人机在不削弱责任体系的前提下，负责任地融入灭火行动。研究为政策制定者提供了实践指导，并推动了自主系统问责机制的进一步研究。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
There is a growing research field exploring how autonomous drones can enhance emergency response effectiveness. Integrating these (artificial) agents into existing emergency teams and workflows may significantly impact established accountability relationships. This paper examines how autonomous drones affect accountability attribution within complex socio-technical systems. Drawing on two real-life field trials in firefighting, the study reveals substantial uncertainty around accountability when drones are organizationally deployed. Using Bovens' accountability framework, two challenges are identified: (1) uncertainty about the role of drones within hierarchical structures, leading to confused accountability ascriptions; and (2) new forms of human-drone interactions introducing additional accountability-relevant issues. Based on these insights, the paper proposes actionable recommendations to support the responsible integration of autonomous drones into firefighting operations without undermining accountability. These findings offer practical guidance for policymakers and contribute to further research on accountability in autonomous systems.
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