用可复用的无人机协作模式，提升应急救援中的调度效率
From Ad Hoc Pilots to Repeatable Patterns: Structuring Drone Collaboration in Emergency Services with DroneLets
- 提出 DroneLets 模块化设计框架，规范人机协同流程
- 基于 95 次访谈与 4 场实地测试，提炼 44 种交互模式
- 适合应急指挥、无人机系统设计者参考，推动实战化应用
无人机在应急服务中潜力巨大，但其融入工作流程仍依赖临时协作，缺乏系统性。本文通过 4 场实地试验和 95 次访谈，梳理出 44 种交互模式，归纳为 10 类元模式，涵盖侦察、通信与后勤支持等实际需求。为此提出 DroneLets——一种扩展协作工程（Collaboration Engineering）至具身智能体的新设计范式。DroneLets 能够记录部署条件、无人机能力、环境限制以及人机协同动作，形成模块化框架，支持可复用、可扩展的应急协作流程。案例包括向群众广播信息、火灾后持续监控等模式。本研究拓展了协作工程的应用边界，为高风险现场中自主无人机的集成提供了结构化基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Drones hold promise for supporting emergency services, but their integration into workflows remains ad hoc and coordination-intensive. This paper addresses two research questions: how emergency teams want to collaborate with drones, and how to formalize these collaborations into repeatable processes. Based on four field trials and 95 interviews, we derive 44 interaction patterns grouped into 10 meta-patterns reflecting operational needs such as reconnaissance, communication, and logistical support. To structure these practices, we introduce DroneLets - a new class of design artifacts that extend Collaboration Engineering to embodied agents. DroneLets capture setup requirements, drone capabilities, environmental constraints, and coordinated actions across human and drone actors. They offer a modular framework for designing repeatable, scalable collaboration processes in emergency services, illustrated through patterns such as broadcasting to bystanders and post-fire monitoring. This work expands the scope of CE and provides a structured foundation for integrating autonomous drones into high-stakes field operations.
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