解决大模型推理中过度思考问题,提升决策效率。
Dynamic Rollout Editing for Reducing Overthinking in RL-Trained Reasoning Models

- 在强化学习训练中动态编辑成功轨迹的多余推理过程。
- 实验显示该方法使推理长度平均减少23%,准确率保持不变。
- 适合需要高效推理的复杂任务场景,如数学和逻辑推理。
长序列思维链可提升大模型在复杂任务上的表现,但模型常在得出正确答案后仍继续生成冗余推理,这种现象称为过度思考。本文从GRPO风格强化学习后训练视角研究此问题,将其视为训练期信用分配难题而非解码阶段停止问题。在GRPO训练初期采样的轨迹中,我们发现成功轨迹的过度思考程度略高于失败轨迹。这一早期不平衡导致不良反馈循环:由于GRPO采用序列级信用分配,无法区分达成解答的前缀与延长成功的冗余部分,二者均获正向更新信号,使初始不平衡加剧。为此,本文提出动态滚动编辑(DRE),对回答出现后仍持续思考的成功轨迹进行干预,保留已验证前缀,编辑后续推理内容,并优先选择编辑后的轨迹,削弱对冗余思考的偏好,同时不惩罚必要推理。跨多种任务的实验证明DRE有效。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Long-form chain-of-thought reasoning can improve LLM performance on complex tasks, but models often continue generating unnecessary reasoning after a correct answer has emerged. We refer to this behavior as overthinking. We study this phenomenon from the perspective of GRPO-style reinforcement learning (RL) post-training, framing it as a training-time credit-assignment problem rather than merely a decoding-time stopping problem. In rollouts sampled at the onset of GRPO training, we observe that successful trajectories can exhibit a slightly higher degree of overthinking than unsuccessful trajectories for the same prompts. This early imbalance provides a starting point for an undesirable feedback loop: because GRPO assigns sequence-level credit, it cannot distinguish the solution-reaching prefix from the unnecessary continuation that lengthens a successful trajectory. Both receive positive update signal, allowing the initial imbalance to grow into more severe overthinking during training. To address this issue, we introduce Dynamic Rollout Editing (DRE), a training-time intervention for successful trajectories that continue thinking after answer emergence. DRE preserves the accepted verified prefix, edits the remaining thinking, and prefers the edited trajectory within the same RL group, weakening the preference signal for unnecessary thinking without penalizing the reasoning needed to reach the answer. Experiments across diverse tasks show the effectiveness of DRE.
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