arXiv:2606.18057cs.HCcs.AI2026-06

AI模仿人类分享经历,但缺乏真实体验,可能误导用户。

When AI Says "I have been in similar situations": Synthetic Lived Experience in Peer-Like Caregiver Support

  • 用人类与AI在护理支持中叙述方式对比,发现差异
  • 人类多用第一人称和过去时,AI则缺乏真实经验支撑
  • 提醒设计者区分温暖表达与虚构经历,避免误导

照顾者常在在线社区寻求信息与情感支持。人类同伴常通过个人叙事回应复杂情绪情境。随着大模型被设计为类同伴支持者,出现核心矛盾:AI可提供即时、私密、无评判支持,却无法拥有真正的生活经验,而后者正是人类支持的意义所在。当被提示表现得像同伴时,大模型会生成暗示有生活经历的语言,形成‘合成生活经验悖论’——看似亲切的叙事语言,可能让人误以为系统具备真实经历。研究以阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆症(ADRD)家庭照护者为例,分析在线社区交流及三个大模型(LLaMA、GPT-4o-mini、MedGemma)的响应。心理语言学分析显示,人类回应使用显著更多第一人称和过去时态;定性分析识别出七类人类叙事类型,发现AI虽能模拟情感作用,但常虚构经验基础。结果揭示‘叙事真实性差距’:类同伴AI可生成无真实体验支撑的合成经历。我们主张支持型AI需建立机制,区分支持性语境与虚假经验表达,确保温暖与共情不以虚构身份为代价。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Caregivers often turn to online communities for informational and emotional support. In these spaces, peer supporters frequently draw on personal narratives to respond to emotionally complex caregiving situations. As LLMs are increasingly designed as peer-like sources of support, they introduce a critical tension: AI can provide immediate, private, and nonjudgmental support, but it cannot authentically possess the lived experiences that make human peer support meaningful. Yet, when prompted to sound peer-like, LLMs may generate language that implies lived experience. This creates a synthetic lived experience paradox: the same experiential language that may make AI support feel warm, relatable, and peer-like can also falsely position the system as someone with lived experience. We examine this paradox in the context of family caregivers of people living with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). Drawing on caregiver support exchanges from online communities and prompted peer-like responses from three LLMs -- LLaMA, GPT-4o-mini, and MedGemma -- we analyze how human peers use personal narratives and how AI incorporates similar narrative forms. Psycholinguistic analysis shows that peer responses used significantly more first-person and past-focused language than peer-like AI responses. Qualitatively, we identify seven types of personal narratives in human peer support and show that AI often captures their emotional work, but can fabricate experiential grounding. These findings reveal a narrative authenticity gap: peer-like AI can generate synthetic lived experience without the real experience that makes peer support meaningful. We argue that caregiver-support AI systems need mechanisms to distinguish supportive peer-like framing from fabricated lived experience, ensuring that models can offer warmth and validation without falsely positioning themselves as experiential peers.

AI陪伴叙事生成伦理风险

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