arXiv:2606.18097cs.RO2026-06

构建工业级柔性线缆操作仿真基准,支持多种任务与物理模型。

WireCraft: A Simulation Benchmark for Industrial DLO Manipulation

论文配图:WireCraft: A Simulation Benchmark for Industrial DLO Manipulation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 设计可配置难度的仿真环境,涵盖插头插入等三类工业任务。
  • 基于真实机械臂数据训练,特权状态下的强化学习成功率超82%。
  • 适合研究视觉感知、模仿学习与多模态决策的机器人学者使用。

柔性线性物体(如电线和电缆)在工业装配中至关重要。与刚性物体仅需6自由度姿态描述不同,柔性物体具有无限维构型空间,并在夹爪、工装和工作空间接触下持续形变,对通用灵巧操作构成严峻挑战。现有基准常绑定特定硬件、缺乏模块化任务资产,或忽略真实工业场景中的工装因素,且仿真与现实数据、评估协议难以对齐。为此,我们提出WireCraft,一个可配置难度与资产的工业级柔性线缆操作仿真基准,覆盖插头插入、卡扣走线和通道就位三类任务。支持关节式与可变形两种物理模型,轨迹来自仿真及真实UR5机械臂。在统一指标下评估强化学习(RL)、模仿学习(IL)和视觉-语言-动作(VLA)策略。特权状态下的RL在每类任务中均实现超82%的成功率,验证任务设定合理。但在插头插入任务中,从接近插座到接触密集对齐阶段仍是视觉类方法的瓶颈。结果表明,尽管在特权信息下可行,当前视觉感知方法仍难以应对工业柔性线缆操作。该基准、数据与工具将在论文接受后开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Deformable Linear Objects (DLOs), such as wires and cables, are central to industrial assembly. Unlike rigid objects, whose state is captured by a 6-DoF pose, DLOs have an infinite-dimensional configuration space and deform continuously under contact with grippers, fixtures, and the workspace, making them a demanding benchmark for general dexterous manipulation. Despite their importance, policy development and comparison remain difficult: existing benchmarks are often tied to specific hardware setups, lack modular and customizable task assets, or study generic deformable-object tasks without the fixtures relevant to real-world industrial wire manipulation. Few benchmarks align simulation, real-world data, and shared evaluation protocols. To bridge this gap, we introduce WireCraft, a simulation benchmark for industrial DLO manipulation with configurable difficulty and assets, spanning three task families: connector insertion, clip routing, and channel seating. It supports two complementary DLO physics models, articulated and deformable, and the trajectories come from both simulation and a physical UR5. We benchmark reinforcement learning (RL), imitation learning (IL), and vision-language-action (VLA) policies under shared metrics. Privileged state-based RL solves a representative setting in each task family with over 82\% success, confirming the tasks are well-posed. For connector insertion, however, the transition from reaching the socket to contact-rich alignment remains a key bottleneck for vision RL, IL, and VLA policies. These results indicate that industrial DLO manipulation, though tractable under privileged state, remains an open challenge for current vision-based learning. The benchmark, data, and tools will be open-sourced upon acceptance.

机器人操作柔性物体仿真基准强化学习

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