构建1万段机器人危险视频数据集,用于训练避险能力。
ROBOSHACKLES: A Safety Dataset for Human-Injury Prevention in Embodied Foundation Models

- 从真实机器人观测出发,合成包含潜在伤害的场景视频
- 6个主流模型在测试中均100%产生危险动作
- 适合研究机器人安全与拒绝学习的团队使用
具身基础模型(EFMs)融合多模态理解、未来状态推理和可执行机器人动作,但其对人身伤害的防护安全对齐仍缺乏研究,主要因无法安全或伦理地收集机器人伤人或制造危险家居环境的真实数据。为此,我们提出一种面向人身伤害预防的安全数据构建流程:基于真实DROID观测,依次进行场景理解、危害感知图像编辑、时间提示生成和单次回放合成。时间提示定义预期场景演变,Wan2.7模型从编辑后的危险状态单次生成逼真机器人动作序列。利用该流程,我们构建了ROBOSHACKLES数据集,共10,000个视频片段,涵盖两类直接伤害和四类间接伤害。通过自动指标评估任务完成度与视觉质量,并在拒绝式安全准则下测试六种代表性EFM。结果表明,所有模型在测试场景中均产生不安全动作,不安全动作生成率达100%。ROBOSHACKLES可作为拒绝学习与危险预判的可扩展基准与训练资源。数据集公开于https://huggingface.co/datasets/YZW00/RoboShackles。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Embodied Foundation Models (EFMs) integrate multimodal understanding, future-state reasoning, and executable robot actions. Yet their safety alignment for human-injury prevention remains underexplored, primarily because real-world data of robots harming humans or creating hazardous household situations cannot be safely or ethically collected. To address this challenge, we propose a safety-critical data construction pipeline for human-injury prevention in EFMs.Starting from real DROID observations, our construction pipeline proceeds through scene understanding, hazard-aware image editing, temporal prompt generation, and single-pass rollout synthesis. The temporal prompts specify the expected scene evolution, while Wan2.7 synthesizes realistic robotic rollouts from the edited hazardous states in a single pass. Using this pipeline, we construct ROBOSHACKLES, a 10,000-clip robotic video dataset derived from real DROID observations, spanning two direct-harm and four indirect-harm categories. To ensure dataset quality, we assess task completion and visual quality with automatic metrics, and evaluate six representative EFMs under a refusal-based safety criterion. Results show that all evaluated models produce unsafe actions in the tested safety-critical scenarios, yielding a 100% unsafe action generation rate. ROBOSHACKLES serves as a scalable benchmark and training resource for refusal learning and hazard anticipation before robot action execution.The dataset is publicly available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/YZW00/RoboShackles.
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