针对雷达定位中稀疏数据匹配难题,提出分层蒸馏方法提升跨设备识别精度。
Spatially Stratified Distillation for Heterogeneous Radar Place Recognition

- 按物理回波空间分布设计非对称蒸馏策略,区分重叠与稀疏区域。
- 在动态序列上达到当前最优性能,显著优于已有方法。
- 适合车载低成本雷达与高精度雷达间的跨平台定位场景。
可扩展的全天候定位日益依赖异构雷达定位以连接不同硬件平台。典型应用是将低成本4D汽车雷达的查询数据与由密集旋转雷达构建的高保真参考地图进行匹配。该过程受限于4D传感器的极端稀疏性(及窄视场),仅捕获旋转雷达数据库中结构密度的一小部分。以往方法通过统一不同雷达信号,在共同表征空间中对齐信号,但在多会话环境中表现下降。本文提出空间分层蒸馏(SSD):用直接源自物理雷达回波的非对称空间对齐替代标准均匀蒸馏。在两雷达回波重叠区域,强制强特征对齐;在4D学生端无回波但教师端存在有效结构的稀疏区域,施加大幅折扣的蒸馏权重。在最新HeRCULES数据集上的大量评估表明,SSD显著优于先前定位方法,在具有挑战性的动态序列上实现最先进结果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Scalable, all-weather place recognition increasingly relies on heterogeneous radar place recognition to bridge diverse hardware platforms. A notable application is matching queries from cost-effective 4D automotive radars against high-fidelity reference maps built by dense spinning radars. This process is fundamentally limited by the extreme sparsity (and narrow field-of-view) of the 4D sensor, which captures only a fraction of the structural density present in the spinning radar database. Prior efforts address this issue by unifying different radar signals. That is, projecting both signals into a common representational space. Yet, they suffer performance degradation in multi-session environments. In this paper, we propose spatially-stratified distillation (SSD); a strategy that replaces standard uniform distillation with an asymmetric spatial alignment derived directly from physical radar returns. In regions where both radars exhibit overlapping returns, SSD enforces strong feature alignment. Crucially, in sparse regions where the 4D student lacks returns but the teacher contains valid structure within the shared field of view, SSD applies heavily discounted distillation weights. Extensive evaluations of the recent HeRCULES dataset demonstrate that SSD significantly outperforms prior place recognition methods, achieving state-of-the-art results on its challenging dynamic sequences.
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