将气动执行器嵌入晶格单元,实现软体机器人分布式形变控制。
Selective Unit-Cell Actuation in Lattice Structures for Distributed Morphology in Soft Robots

- 在单个单元中集成曲杆结构与双向波纹管,实现一体化设计。
- 3×3×3阵列选择性驱动可产生弯曲与定向抓取等不同全局形变。
- 无需改硬件即可通过异构排列实现爬行运动,适合可重构软体机器人。
软体晶格结构常用于调节柔性和引导变形,但传统方法在设备或模块层面引入致动,使整体结构保持被动。本文将致动-晶格协同设计推进至单元尺度,提出一种集成曲杆晶格几何与双向波纹管的嵌入式气动单元,构成单一一体成型元件。当进行密铺时,晶格作为分布式致动场,全局形态由空间致动模式决定,而非均匀加压。对1×1、2×2和3×3密铺的实验表征显示,其位移与力生成具有可扩展性,且循环性能重复性好。在3×3×3阵列中选择性激活单元,可产生弯曲与定向抓取等不同全局变形模式,无需更改硬件配置。此外,主动与被动单元耦合可实现弯折驱动的爬行运动,表明非均质密铺能通过不对称变形实现功能传递。这些结果确立了单元级致动作为晶格基软体机器人分布式形变的策略,并为可扩展的一体化机器人架构奠定基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Soft lattice structures are increasingly used in robotics to tailor compliance and guide deformation; however, actuation is typically introduced at the device or module level, with actuators inserted into otherwise passive architectures. In this work, we move actuator-lattice co-design to the unit-cell scale. We present an embedded pneumatic unit cell that integrates curved-strut lattice geometry with a bidirectional bellow actuator within a single monolithic element. When tessellated, the lattice functions as a distributed actuation field in which global morphology is governed by spatial actuation patterns rather than uniform pressurization. Experimental characterization of 1x1, 2x2, and 3x3 tessellations demonstrates scalable displacement and force generation with repeatable cyclic performance. Selective actuation of unit cells in a 3x3x3 array produces distinct global deformation modes, including bending and directional grasping, without altering hardware configuration. Additionally, coupling active and passive unit cells enables bending-driven crawling locomotion, demonstrating that heterogeneous tessellations can translate through asymmetric deformation. These results establish unit-cell-level actuation as a strategy for distributed morphing in lattice-based soft robots and provide a foundation for scalable, monolithic robotic architectures.
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