arXiv:2606.18948cs.RO2026-06

针对非重复扫描激光雷达,提出实时聚类框架C-ARC,解决点云分布不均难题。

C-ARC: Continuous-Adaptive Range Clustering for Non-Repetitive LiDAR Sensors

  • 构建双图结构滑动窗口,分离高频插入与按需检索
  • 自适应网格分辨率在无先验条件下实现精度与碰撞平衡
  • 适用于低成本非重复激光雷达,提升SLAM/跟踪性能

实时激光雷达聚类是移动机器人诸多算法的基础。现有方法多针对重复扫描的机械式激光雷达设计,而基于利兹棱镜的非重复扫描传感器因成本低、体积小正日益普及。这类传感器的玫瑰曲线扫描轨迹导致点云分布不均,且无固定扫描周期,破坏了传统方法依赖的扫描线结构与帧边界假设。为此,我们提出C-ARC:一种持续自适应范围聚类框架,在滑动窗口内维护持久双图结构,将高频点插入与按需聚类检索解耦,支持如SLAM或追踪等关键功能。通过指数控制环在初始化时自适应调节网格分辨率,无需预知扫描模式即可平衡稀疏性与碰撞问题。作为开源单线程C++17库,C-ARC可在普通硬件上实现20 Hz实时输出,适配Livox Mid-360。在Livox Avia上的评估发现,强集中扫描模式下单元无限占用是主要瓶颈。该自适应机制还显著提升现有基于网格方法在非重复数据上的聚类质量。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Real-time LiDAR clustering identifies structures in point clouds, which is an essential prerequisite for many mobile robotics algorithms. Current methods are mostly developed for repetitive mechanical LiDAR sensors. Recently, the use of non-repetitive LiDAR sensors is strongly increasing due to their small cost and form factor. Such non-repetitive Risley prism-based sensors violate two key assumptions of repetitive mechanical sensors: structured scan lines and well-defined frame boundaries. Their Rhodonea-curve trajectories produce non-uniform point distributions, and the absence of a rotation cycle renders conventional scan line indexing inapplicable. To meet such new requirements, we developed C-ARC, a Continuous-Adaptive Range Clustering framework that maintains a persistent dual-graph over a sliding window, decoupling high-frequency point insertion from on-demand cluster retrieval. This is crucial for key functionalities like SLAM or tracking. An adaptive range grid resolution mechanism calibrates grid dimensions at initialization using an exponential control loop, balancing the sparsity-collision trade-off without prior knowledge of the scanning pattern. Implemented as an open-sourced single-threaded C++17 library, C-ARC produces real-time cluster output at 20 Hz on commodity hardware for the Livox Mid-360. Evaluation on the Livox Avia identifies unbounded cell occupancy as the primary limitation for sensors with strongly concentrated scan patterns. The adaptive resolution mechanism additionally improves clustering quality for existing grid-based methods on non-repetitive data.

激光雷达聚类实时系统机器人

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