让神经网络和符号模型各司其职,避免重复学习物理规律。
OrthoReg: Orthogonal Regularization for Hybrid Symbolic-Neural Dynamical Systems

- 用正交约束直接防止神经部分重学符号部分的物理结构。
- 在符号库不完整时,显著提升符号规律的恢复准确率。
- 适合需要可解释动力系统建模的研究者使用。
动力系统是建模自然世界的基础,但传统方法面临权衡:手工设计的符号模型可解释性强但过于简化;数据驱动的神经方法灵活却缺乏物理解释。混合建模结合了符号组件与神经网络,以兼顾两者优势。然而关键挑战在于,神经部分可能重复学习符号结构,导致冗余且不可解释,尤其当符号结构本身由数据稀疏发现时。现有基于标准 $L^2$ 正则的方法依赖投影论证,在符号组件被学习时失效,使神经增益项与符号结构重叠。本文提出 extbf{OrthoReg}(正交正则化),直接惩罚符号与神经组件间的重叠,防止符号结构被神经残差吸收。该方法实现互补分解:符号部分捕捉库中可表达的内容,神经部分捕捉剩余部分。在存在部分库不匹配的基准动力系统上,OrthoReg 显著提升符号恢复能力,并改善分布外泛化性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Dynamical systems are fundamental to modeling the natural world, yet modeling them involves a persistent trade-off: manually prescribed mechanistic models are interpretable by design but often overly simplistic and misspecified; in contrast, flexible data-driven neural methods lack physical insight. Hybrid modeling aims for the best of both worlds by combining a prescribed or symbolic, physics-based component with a flexible neural network. A critical challenge, however, is that the neural component may relearn mechanistic parts, yielding redundant and uninterpretable models, especially when the symbolic structure itself is discovered from data. Existing methods based on standard $L^2$ regularization rely on a projection argument that breaks when the symbolic component is learned through sparse discovery, allowing the neural augmentation to overlap with symbolic structure. We introduce \textbf{OrthoReg} (Orthogonal Regularization), which directly penalizes overlap between the symbolic and neural components, preventing symbolic structure from being absorbed by the neural residual. This yields a complementary decomposition: the symbolic part captures what the library can express, and the neural part captures what remains. On benchmark dynamical systems with partial library mismatch, OrthoReg improves symbolic recovery and out-of-distribution behavior.
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