arXiv:2606.19610cs.LGcs.AI2026-06被引 4

在存在隐变量时,用几何方法识别因果关系,提升发现准确率。

Latent Confounded Causal Discovery via Lie Bracket Geometry

论文配图:Latent Confounded Causal Discovery via Lie Bracket Geometry
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 结合密度比与几何筛选,保留潜在因果箭头
  • 在十节点非线性图上实现平均定向F1约0.86
  • 适合处理含隐变量的观测与干预数据

当测量系统受隐变量影响时,研究观测与干预数据下的因果发现。首个算法BRIDGE将密度比或传输引擎与高召回几何筛查结合,将保留的候选边传递给基于打分或可微方法的下游学习器。实验基于已知单节点干预目标,筛查旨在保留候选有向效应,下游学习器确定最终图或等价类表示。第二个算法SKFM通过谱可见足迹子空间总结残差闭合失败,应用依赖顺序的图提取器。直接提取在校准链和特定模式上有效,但在需学习顺序的随机DAG上不稳定。在十节点非线性随机DAG上,几何方法更可靠的角色是候选生成:经校准的SKFM/Bridge场后接局部BIC评分,平均定向F1≈0.86。Sachs蛋白信号数据集提供真实数据压力测试,支持诊断性而非完全识别的解释。贡献在于实用的干预筛查流程、筛查保留与残差足迹秩的显式保证,以及几何诊断与因果识别边界可验证的说明。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We study causal discovery from observational and interventional regimes when latent variables may affect the measured system. Our first algorithm, BRIDGE (Bracket Residuals for Interventional Discovery and Geometric Estimation), combines a density-ratio or transport engine with a high-recall geometric screen and passes the retained arrows to a score-based or differentiable discovery method. The main formulation and experiments use known single-node intervention targets; in that regime the screen is designed to retain candidate directed effects, while a downstream learner determines the final graph or equivalence-class representation. Our second algorithm, Spectral Kernel Flow Matching (SKFM), amortizes the response fields, summarizes residual nonclosure by a spectral visible-footprint subspace, and applies an order-dependent graph extractor. Direct extraction succeeds on calibrated chains and selected motifs, but is unstable on harder random DAGs when the order must be learned. On ten-node nonlinear random DAGs, the more reliable hybrid role of the geometry is as a candidate generator: calibrated SKFM/Bridge fields followed by local BIC scoring achieve mean directed $F_1\simeq0.86$. Sachs protein signaling provides a real-data stress test and supports a diagnostic, not fully identified, interpretation. The contribution is therefore a practical interventional screening pipeline, explicit guarantees for screen retention and residual-footprint rank under stated assumptions, and a falsifiable account of the boundary between geometric diagnostics and causal identification.

因果发现隐变量几何方法干预数据

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