让机器人在复杂地形上自主适应,通过专家组合实现精准步态切换。
CTS-MoE: Implicit Terrain Adaptation via Mixture-of-Experts for Perceptive Locomotion

- 用感知驱动的专家混合机制动态选择最佳步态策略。
- 仿真与实机测试中轨迹跟踪误差更低,成功率显著提升。
- 无需额外分类器,适合真实场景中的未知地形适应。
在不连续地形(如台阶、缝隙和障碍物)上实现感知式足式行走,需要自适应行为,因为单一保守步态无法应对突变地形带来的预判动作需求。该问题可建模为多任务强化学习,存在共享与分离之间的矛盾:各任务使用共同的运动基础但奖励冲突,导致策略需共享行为又避免价值干扰。现有方法仅关注其中一方面,单体策略牺牲专属性,分层子策略则难以泛化于过渡阶段及未见地形。本文提出CTS-MoE,结合密集型专家混合执行器与基于感知的门控机制,实现共享行为的动态组合;同时采用多评论家结构,配备任务特异性价值头以防止干扰。模型在单阶段并行师生框架下端到端训练,处理部分可观测性,避免序列蒸馏,仅训练时使用任务标签。部署时路由仅依赖感知输入,无需高层选择器或地形分类器。在仿真与硬件平台上的单位兔Go1机器人实验表明,模型具备任务感知的专属性,相比单体基线,轨迹跟踪误差更低,成功率更高。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Perceptive legged locomotion over discontinuous terrain (e.g., stairs, gaps, and obstacles) requires adaptive behavior, as a single conservative gait cannot produce the anticipatory maneuvers needed for abrupt topology changes. Cast as multi-task reinforcement learning, this problem introduces a tension between sharing and separation. Tasks use a common locomotion base but have conflicting rewards, so a policy must share behavior while avoiding value interference. Prior work addresses only one side, with monolithic policies sacrificing specialization and hierarchical sub-policies sacrificing generalization across transitions and unseen terrain. We propose CTS-MoE, which combines a dense mixture-of-experts actor with perception-based gating to compose shared behaviors and a multi-critic with task-specific value heads to prevent interference. The model is trained end-to-end in a single-stage concurrent teacher-student setup that handles partial observability and avoids sequential distillation, with task labels used only during training. At deployment, routing depends solely on perception, allowing terrain adaptation without a high-level selector or terrain classifier. Experiments on a Unitree Go1 in simulation and on hardware across seen and unseen terrains show task-aware specialization, with lower tracking error and higher success rates than monolithic baselines. Project Website: https://cts-moe.github.io/ .
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