arXiv:2606.20529cs.AIcs.CL2026-06被引 2

为客服工具调用智能体设计独立状态账本,避免信息过期和政策违规。

LedgerAgent: Structured State for Policy-Adherent Tool-Calling Agents

论文配图:LedgerAgent: Structured State for Policy-Adherent Tool-Calling Agents
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用独立账本存储任务状态,替代混杂在提示中的信息
  • 在工具调用前检查状态依赖的策略约束,防止违规
  • 在多轮客服场景中显著提升任务成功率和一致性

在客户服务领域,遵循策略的工具调用智能体需在多轮交互中保持任务状态,并调用工具同时遵守领域规则。任务状态包括用户交互和工具返回中观察到的相关事实、标识符、约束与条件。现有方法将这些信息混入提示,导致智能体每次决策时需自行重构状态,造成隐式状态管理。这引发两类常见失败:智能体可能获取正确事实却基于过时或错误信息做判断;即使工具调用语法正确,仍可能因状态不一致违反领域策略。本文提出 extsc{LedgerAgent},一种推理时的工具调用方法,通过独立账本维护任务状态,并将其注入提示。该账本还用于在执行环境变更操作前验证状态依赖的策略约束,阻止违规行为。在四个客户服务领域及开放与封闭权重模型混合测试集上, extsc{LedgerAgent} 在平均 pass@k 指标上优于标准提示式方法,尤其在更严格的多轮一致性指标下提升显著。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Policy-adherent tool-calling agents in customer-service domains must maintain task states across turns while calling tools and obeying domain policies. Task states consist of relevant facts, identifiers, constraints, and conditions observed through user interaction and tool calls. In standard agents, task states are not represented separately. Observations, tool returns, and policy instructions are placed in the prompt, leaving agents to reconstruct the relevant states from the prompt each time they decide what to do next. This design makes state management implicit, creating two common failure modes. An agent may retrieve the right facts but later ground its decision in stale, missing, or incorrect information; and a syntactically valid tool call may still violate a domain policy that depends on the current task state. We introduce \textsc{LedgerAgent}, an inference-time method for tool-calling agents that maintains observed task states in a separate ledger and renders the states into the prompt. The ledger is also used to check state-dependent policy constraints before environment-changing tool calls are executed, blocking policy violations. Across four customer-service domains and a mixed panel of open- and closed-weight models, \textsc{LedgerAgent} improves average pass\textasciicircum{}k over a standard prompt-based tool-calling approach, with the largest gains under stricter multi-trial consistency metrics.

工具调用状态管理策略遵循智能客服

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