arXiv:2606.20590cs.NIcs.AI2026-06

用多智能体大模型实现6G无线网络资源动态分配,自动适配复杂场景。

Optimization-as-a-Service via Multi-Agent Large Language Model for Radio Access Networks

论文配图:Optimization-as-a-Service via Multi-Agent Large Language Model for Radio Access Networks
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 构建多智能体系统,实时生成优化目标并动态调整资源分配策略。
  • 在真实场景中实现近最优资源分配,推理延迟极低。
  • 适合6G网络、智能运维及自动化系统研发人员参考。

6G无线接入网(RAN)面临前所未有的服务多样性与指数级动态变化,包括基站数量波动、用户规模激增和严苛的服务质量(QoS)要求。传统基于人工建模或通用学习方法的物理资源块(PRB)分配方式难以适应此类复杂环境。为此,本文提出将PRB分配问题作为优化即服务(OaaS)由大语言模型多智能体系统(LLM-MA)提供。该系统通过场景理解、目标生成、求解器与反思智能体组成的闭环架构,实现上下文感知的自修正优化建模。为消除迭代反思带来的计算延迟,引入一次性反思蒸馏机制,训练轻量级学生模型直接预测优化参数。理论上界定了该一次性策略的性能差距。实验表明,本框架在保持近最优资源分配的同时,具备超低推理延迟。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The physical resource block (PRB) allocation in Radio Access Networks (RANs) traditionally relies on case-by-case manual problem construction or, more recently, learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) methods. However, the sixth-generation (6G) RAN environments confront unprecedented service diversity and exponential dynamics, featuring volatile fluctuations in active base stations (BSs), user scale, and stringent Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. Faced with such conditions, both manual models and standard AI algorithms remain fundamentally rigid, lacking the flexibility to adapt and self-evolve. To provide a one-size-fits-all solution, we propose treating the PRB allocation problem as an Optimization-as-a-Service (OaaS) provided by a large language model multi-agent (LLM-MA) system. This fundamentally reshapes RAN resource allocation by utilizing agents to dynamically construct optimization problems and automatically determine objectives tailored to real-time scenarios. Our closed-loop architecture, integrating scene understanding, objective generation, solver, and reflection agents, enables context-aware, self-correcting formulation. To eliminate the computational latency of iterative reflection, we introduce a one-shot reflection distillation mechanism, training a lightweight student model to directly predict refined objective parameters. We theoretically bound the performance gap of this one-shot policy. Experimental results demonstrate our framework achieves near-optimal resource allocation with ultra-low inference latency.

6G网络多智能体资源分配大模型

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