用多值启发式提升多目标搜索效率,解决降维时的正确性问题。
Bridging Multi-Valued Heuristics and Dimensionality Reduction in Multi-Objective Search
- 引入多值启发式捕捉目标间权衡,比传统单值方法更精准
- 提出懒惰式动态修复机制,确保降维后搜索仍正确完整
- 在多个基准上提速超10倍,适合需要高效多目标求解的场景
多目标最短路径(MOSP)算法传统依赖单值启发式(SVH),为每个状态分配单一可接受代价向量,虽能提供安全下界,却难以捕捉帕累托前沿的权衡结构,导致搜索引导弱。多值启发式(MVH)通过将状态映射到一组代价估计,可更丰富地逼近可能的权衡。现代MOSP算法高度依赖维度压缩(DR)技术以高效执行支配检查。然而,将MVH与DR结合会引发微妙的正确性挑战:直接组合会破坏DR所需的顺序不变性,导致搜索不完整且不安全。本文首次建立理论框架,实现MVH与DR的安全集成。首先提出理论基线$ ext{NAMOA}^*{ ext{dr} ext{-} ext{mvh}}$,通过强制启发式一致性恢复搜索正确性;鉴于其实践局限,进一步提出主贡献$ ext{L} ext{-} ext{NAMOA}^*{ ext{dr} ext{-} ext{mvh}}$,采用‘懒惰’乐观策略,在仅需可接受的MVH前提下,动态检测并修复局部顺序违规,保持精确正确性。在多个基准测试中,该算法性能达或优于现有最优方案,并在部分实例中实现超过10倍加速,当MVH提供更强剪枝信息时效果尤为显著。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-objective shortest-path (MOSP) algorithms traditionally rely on single-valued heuristics (SVHs), which associate each state with a single admissible cost vector. While SVHs provide safe lower bounds, they fail to capture the trade-off structure of the Pareto frontier and often yield weak search guidance. Multi-valued heuristics (MVHs) address this limitation by mapping states to sets of cost estimates, enabling a richer approximation of possible trade-offs. Modern MOSP algorithms are highly dependent on dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques to efficiently perform dominance checks. However, integrating MVHs with DR introduces subtle correctness challenges. We show that naively combining DR with MVHs destroys the ordering invariants required for DR, leading to unsound and incomplete search. To address this issue, we develop the first theoretical frameworks for safely integrating MVHs with DR. First, we introduce $\text{NAMOA}^*{\text{dr}\text{-}\text{mvh}}$, a theoretical baseline that restores search correctness by enforcing heuristic consistency. Recognizing the practical limitations of this approach, we then introduce our primary contribution, $\text{L}\text{-}\text{NAMOA}^*{\text{dr}\text{-}\text{mvh}}$. This algorithm employs a "lazy," optimistic approach to DR, preserving exact correctness with only an admissible MVH by dynamically detecting and repairing local ordering violations. Across a range of benchmarks, $\text{L}\text{-}\text{NAMOA}^*{\text{dr}\text{-}\text{mvh}}$ matches or improves over state-of-the-art MOSP algorithms, and achieves speedups of over 10x in instances where the additional guidance provided by the MVH translates into stronger pruning.
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