提出面向6G的原生信道感知基础模型框架,提升信道信息利用效率。
Towards CSI-Native Foundation Models: A Channel-Adaptive Roadmap for 6G

- 基于信道物理特性设计自适应预训练与注意力机制
- 零样本泛化性能提升,时频空任务NMSE降低超4 dB
- 适合6G低开销信道估计与移动性感知系统研发
无线基础模型为第六代(6G)系统提供了可复用的信道状态信息(CSI)智能路径。然而,现有通用骨干适配与CSI预训练方法常将CSI视为任务张量而非受传播条件影响的信道响应,未能捕捉无线环境内在的时间-频率-空间几何结构。本文提出一种面向原生信道感知的基础模型路线图,构建统一框架,使预训练、位置建模与注意力控制对齐三大信道需求:尺度感知的异构暴露、物理时频天线坐标、相关性受限的标记交互。大量实验表明,该框架在三个维度均具优势:零样本泛化能力显著,时频空任务中NMSE降低超过4 dB;尺度外推表现优异,8倍未见天线规模下增益达5.4 dB;推理效率提升,移动性感知处理加速18.8%。系统级评估(Sionna SYS)显示,该框架仅需7.01%的密集导频开销,平均NMSE达-18.64 dB,净频谱效率相较密集LMMSE提升36.6%,较WiFo提升15.5%,证明原生信道表示学习可支撑高效导频的无线接入。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Wireless foundation models offer a path toward reusable channel state information (CSI) intelligence for sixth-generation (6G) systems. However, existing generic-backbone adaptation and CSI pretraining methods often treat CSI as task tensors rather than propagation-conditioned channel responses, thereby failing to capture the intrinsic time-frequency-spatial geometry of wireless environments. This paper presents a channel-adaptive roadmap toward CSI-native foundation models, proposing a unified framework that aligns pretraining, positional modeling, and attention control with three channel requirements: scale-aware heterogeneous exposure, physical time-frequency-antenna coordinates, and correlation-bounded token interaction. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework across three dimensions: zero-shot generalization, reducing NMSE by more than 4 dB across spatial-temporal-frequency tasks; scale extrapolation, yielding up to a 5.4 dB gain under 8 times unseen antenna scaling; and inference efficiency, accelerating mobility-aware processing by up to 18.8%. A system-level evaluation with Sionna SYS further shows that the proposed framework uses only 7.01% of dense-pilot overhead, reaches -18.64 dB average NMSE, and improves average net spectral efficiency by 36.6% over dense LMMSE and 15.5% over WiFo, indicating that CSI-native representation learning can support pilot-efficient radio access.
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