用无人机激光雷达自动监测路坡变形，实现厘米级精度预警。

Slope hazards constitute a major safety threat to expressway infrastructure, and their evolution is typically manifested as slow surface deformation. Conventional manual inspection suffers from low efficiency and inadequate operational safety, especially on severely deteriorated slopes. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for an automated, high-precision solution capable of large-area slope observation and analysis. This study aims to develop a highly automated workflow for slope hazard detection using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-borne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). The proposed workflow consists of a shared data-acquisition and ground-surface extraction stage, a single-observation hazard-screening branch based on RandLA-Net, and a multi-epoch deformation-monitoring branch based on grid-wise elevation differencing. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed system, we conducted multiple UAV-borne LiDAR data-acquisition flights in real expressway slope environments. The results show that the workflow can extract usable ground-surface point clouds under vegetation cover, identify potential hazard zones from single-observation point clouds, and quantify centimeter-level elevation changes using multi-epoch grid differencing. This study establishes an end-to-end UAV-borne LiDAR-based workflow for slope inspection and demonstrates its feasibility through controlled experiments, field tests, and simulation-based validation, thereby providing an implementable solution for automated slope-hazard monitoring and intelligent early warning.