arXiv:2606.20933cs.LG2026-06

研究发现:没有通用最优的损失函数与优化器组合,需按模型结构选择。

Towards Robust Training in NNGPT AutoML Pipeline: A Loss-Optimizer Pairing Selection Study

论文配图:Towards Robust Training in NNGPT AutoML Pipeline: A Loss-Optimizer Pairing Selection Study
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 系统测试18种损失-优化器组合,覆盖33个异构模型
  • 交叉熵+Adam/W在多数场景表现最稳定,准确率差异显著
  • 新提出的NGL损失仅适配自适应优化器,对学习率敏感

损失函数与优化器的选择对模型训练影响重大。本文针对异构架构池中的NNGPT AutoML流程,系统评估了6种优化器(SGD+Momentum、Adam、AdamW、RMSprop、Adagrad、Adadelta)与3种损失函数(交叉熵、负对数似然、基因演化设计的NGL)共18种组合。在六大数据集(CelebA-Gender、CIFAR-10、CIFAR-100、ImageNette、MNIST、SVHN)上,对LEMUR架构池中33个兼容基模型进行自动配置与评估,共生成594个变体,所有实验在固定超参数下完成,确保准确率差异仅由配对决定。结果表明:无单一组合在所有模型和数据集上最优。交叉熵搭配Adam或AdamW为最鲁棒选择。NGL在标准卷积模型上可替代交叉熵,但仅适配自适应优化器,与SGD或累积方法搭配时性能大幅下降。Adagrad与Adadelta在固定超参下始终表现较差,凸显其对学习率调优的高度敏感性。该研究为NNGPT框架中的配对选择提供可操作指导。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The choice of loss function and optimizer is an important decision, that shapes further model training. Yet automated architecture search pipelines (AutoML) benefits significantly more from the optimal pairing selection and vice versa. This paper investigates whether a single recipe is sufficient for heterogeneous architecture pools, or whether the optimal pairing varies across structurally diverse models. We conduct a systematic empirical study of all $3 \times 6 = 18$ combinations of six optimizers (SGD+Momentum, Adam, AdamW, RMSprop, Adagrad, Adadelta), paired with three loss functions: Cross-Entropy (CEL), Negative Log-Likelihood (NLL), and the recently introduced genetically evolved NGL loss across the base models presented in LEMUR heterogeneous architecture pool on six image classification datasets (CelebA-Gender, CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, ImageNette, MNIST, SVHN). The 18 loss-optimizer configurations are applied to each of the 33 compatible base architectures taken from the LEMUR pool, resulting in 594 variants that were generated fully automatically by a source-level injection pipeline and evaluated under fixed hyperparameters, ensuring that observed accuracy differences are attributable solely to the loss-optimizer pairing. Our results confirm that no single pairing is universally optimal. Cross-Entropy with Adam or AdamW is the most robust choice across architecture families and datasets. NGL is a competitive alternative to CEL on standard convolutional classifiers, but only when paired with adaptive optimizers; it degrades substantially with SGD or accumulation-based methods. Adagrad and Adadelta consistently underperform under fixed hyperparameters regardless of loss function, highlighting their sensitivity to learning rate tuning. These findings provide actionable guidance for loss-optimizer selection within NNGPT Framework.

AutoML优化器损失函数模型训练

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