arXiv:2606.21189cs.LGcs.AI2026-06KDD

让神经算子随时间自适应调整频域响应,更准预测非平稳物理系统。

TF-SNO: Time-Frequency Gated Spectral Neural Operators for Learning Non-Stationary Partial Differential Equations

论文配图:TF-SNO: Time-Frequency Gated Spectral Neural Operators for Learning Non-Stationary Partial Differential Equations
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用状态驱动的时频门控机制,让频域响应随系统动态变化。
  • 在6个1D/2D非平稳PDE任务上,长时程预测误差显著降低。
  • 无需显式时间编码,保持模型简洁且适合长期演化建模。

非平稳偏微分方程在科学计算中广泛存在,其主导频率与能量分布随时间漂移。现有谱神经算子通常在推演各阶段使用相同的谱响应,难以匹配时变频谱特征。为此,本文提出时频门控谱神经算子(TF-SNO),在谱块中引入可学习的时频门控机制,通过当前状态提取紧凑的频域与物理空间统计量生成调制系数,使谱响应能随系统动态演化。TF-SNO从演化状态中隐式学习时间变化,无需显式时间维度或时间嵌入,保持低建模复杂度。进一步嵌入自适应算子块以捕捉多尺度特征,提升长时程稳定性。在六个一维与二维非平稳PDE基准测试中,TF-SNO显著降低预测误差并增强鲁棒性,尤其在长序列推演中表现突出,验证了状态依赖频域自适应在建模非平稳物理系统中的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Non-stationary partial differential equations (PDEs) arise throughout scientific computing, where the dominant frequency content and energy distribution can drift over time. While efficient in PDE solving, many spectral neural operators apply a shared spectral response across rollout stages, leading to mismatch with time-varying spectra in non-stationary systems. To address this issue, we propose Time-Frequency Gated Spectral Neural Operator (TF-SNO), a state-adaptive framework with learnable time-frequency gating inside spectral blocks. TF-SNO extracts compact frequency-domain and physical-space statistics from the current state to generate modulation coefficients, enabling the spectral response to evolve with the dynamics. TF-SNO learns temporal variation implicitly from the evolving state without introducing an explicit time dimension or time embedding, keeping the modeling complexity low. We further embed the adaptive operator blocks to accurately capture the multi-scale features, thereby improving long-horizon stability. Experiments on six non-stationary PDE benchmarks in 1D and 2D demonstrate that TF-SNO significantly reduces prediction errors and improves robustness compared to strong baselines, with particularly clear gains in long rollout, suggesting the effectiveness of state-dependent spectral adaptation in modeling non-stationary physical systems.

偏微分方程神经算子时频分析长序列建模

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