用压缩消息让远程助手高效监控自动驾驶车队,还能自动判断干预优先级。
FleetAgent: Teleoperation Assistant for Autonomous Fleets via Vectorized V2N Messages

- 用向量化的车路通信消息替代原始图像,大幅降低数据传输量。
- 相比原始文本描述,显存占用减少16.54倍,上行数据量降低625倍。
- 生成带解释的自然语言报告,帮助操作员快速判断是否需要干预。
大规模自动驾驶车队依赖远程操作处理罕见故障,但实时传输大量车辆的原始传感器数据成本高昂,且操作员难以同时监控多辆车。本文提出FleetAgent,一个基于云部署的多模态大语言模型助手,接收紧凑的向量化车-网(V2N)消息(如地图元素、检测目标、自车规划路径),生成结构化自然语言响应(包括场景叙述、计划解释与评估),并输出干预紧急度评分以辅助操作员优先级判断。为适配基于令牌的多模态大模型,提出VecFormer:一种可微分的top-K上下文选择机制,控制上下文长度与GPU KV缓存增长,支持更高效的批量处理。同时构建了基于nuScenes的数据集VecEval,包含人工与合成不完美规划及人工验证的语言标签,用于系统训练与评估。实验显示,该系统上行数据量相较原始图像降低625倍,KV缓存内存减少16.54倍;在VecEval上,相较Qwen2.5-VL-7B语言描述方案,Lingo-Judge得分提升16.8%,干预失败率下降19.9%。结果表明,FleetAgent能通过紧凑的结构化V2N消息实现高效、可解释的车队远程监控。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large-scale autonomous fleets rely on teleoperation to resolve rare failures, yet streaming raw sensor data from many vehicles is costly, and remote operators can only monitor a limited number of vehicles at a time. We introduce FleetAgent, a cloud-hosted multimodal large language model (MLLM) assistant that consumes compact vectorized vehicle-to-network (V2N) messages, such as map elements, detected objects, and the ego planned path. It provides a structured natural-language response (including narration, explanation, and evaluation of the plan and scene), along with an intervention urgency score for operator prioritization. To make structured messages compatible with token-based MLLMs, we propose VecFormer, a vector-to-embedding interface with differentiable top-K context selection that bounds context length and GPU KV-cache growth, enabling more efficient batch processing, which is important under the context of cloud-hosted large-scale fleet management. We also construct VecEval, a nuScenes-derived dataset with paired human and synthetic imperfect plans and human-verified language labels, to facilitate the training and evaluation of our proposed system. Our proposed system can reduce uplink payload by up to 625 times compared with raw images and reduce KV-cache memory by 16.54 times compared with original text descriptions. On VecEval, FleetAgent improves Lingo-Judge score by 16.8% and reduces intervention failure rate by 19.9%, compared with Qwen2.5-VL-7B using language descriptions. These results demonstrate that FleetAgent can utilize compact structured V2N messaging to enable efficient, explainable teleoperation monitoring for autonomous fleets.
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